# migrations

dir: sysdb
filename: 00001-collections.sqlite.sql
hash: 38352d725ad1c16074fac420b22b4633
sql:
CREATE TABLE collections (
    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    name TEXT NOT NULL,
    topic TEXT NOT NULL,
    UNIQUE (name)
);

CREATE TABLE collection_metadata (
    collection_id TEXT REFERENCES collections(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    key TEXT NOT NULL,
    str_value TEXT,
    int_value INTEGER,
    float_value REAL,
    PRIMARY KEY (collection_id, key)
);


dir: sysdb
filename: 00002-segments.sqlite.sql
hash: 2913cb6a503055a95f625448037e8912
sql:
CREATE TABLE segments (
    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    type TEXT NOT NULL,
    scope TEXT NOT NULL,
    topic TEXT,
    collection TEXT REFERENCES collection(id)
);

CREATE TABLE segment_metadata (
    segment_id TEXT  REFERENCES segments(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    key TEXT NOT NULL,
    str_value TEXT,
    int_value INTEGER,
    float_value REAL,
    PRIMARY KEY (segment_id, key)
);


dir: sysdb
filename: 00004-tenants-databases.sqlite.sql
hash: 048867ce8fcdefe4023c7110e4433591
sql:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tenants (
    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    UNIQUE (id)
);

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS databases (
    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, -- unique globally
    name TEXT NOT NULL, -- unique per tenant
    tenant_id TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES tenants(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    UNIQUE (tenant_id, name) -- Ensure that a tenant has only one database with a given name
);

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS collections_tmp (
    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, -- unique globally
    name TEXT NOT NULL, -- unique per database
    topic TEXT NOT NULL,
    dimension INTEGER,
    database_id TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES databases(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
    UNIQUE (name, database_id)
);

-- Create default tenant and database
INSERT OR REPLACE INTO tenants (id) VALUES ('default_tenant'); -- The default tenant id is 'default_tenant' others are UUIDs
INSERT OR REPLACE INTO databases (id, name, tenant_id) VALUES ('00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000', 'default_database', 'default_tenant');

INSERT OR REPLACE INTO collections_tmp (id, name, topic, dimension, database_id)
    SELECT id, name, topic, dimension, '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000' FROM collections;
DROP TABLE collections;
ALTER TABLE collections_tmp RENAME TO collections;


dir: sysdb
filename: 00005-remove-topic.sqlite.sql
hash: b1367c826b8fba5f96f27befdc1d42d2
sql:
-- Remove the topic column from the Collections and Segments tables

ALTER TABLE collections DROP COLUMN topic;
ALTER TABLE segments DROP COLUMN topic;


dir: sysdb
filename: 00006-collection-segment-metadata.sqlite.sql
hash: 4eea7468935bf25d4604a0fed2366116
sql:
-- SQLite does not support adding check with alter table, as a result, adding a check
-- involve creating a new table and copying the data over. It is over kill with adding
-- a boolean type column. The application write to the table needs to ensure the data
-- integrity.
ALTER TABLE collection_metadata ADD COLUMN bool_value INTEGER;
ALTER TABLE segment_metadata ADD COLUMN bool_value INTEGER;


dir: sysdb
filename: 00007-collection-config.sqlite.sql
hash: 1c7e63bba346a42a18b6ab7f1c989bed
sql:
-- Stores collection configuration dictionaries.
ALTER TABLE collections ADD COLUMN config_json_str TEXT;


dir: sysdb
filename: 00008-maintenance-log.sqlite.sql
hash: 0a0e7e93111a01789addf64961c6127c
sql:
-- Records when database maintenance operations are performed.
-- At time of creation, this table is only used to record vacuum operations.
CREATE TABLE maintenance_log (
  id INT PRIMARY KEY,
  timestamp INT NOT NULL,
  operation TEXT NOT NULL
);


dir: sysdb
filename: 00009-segment-collection-not-null.sqlite.sql
hash: 054355aef9e63702bf54ea29e61563f1
sql:
-- This makes segments.collection non-nullable.
CREATE TABLE segments_temp (
    id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    type TEXT NOT NULL,
    scope TEXT NOT NULL,
    collection TEXT REFERENCES collection(id) NOT NULL
);

INSERT INTO segments_temp SELECT * FROM segments;
DROP TABLE segments;
ALTER TABLE segments_temp RENAME TO segments;


dir: sysdb
filename: 00010-collection-schema.sqlite.sql
hash: 5c3a5ac4b79df76799b4721827ed5e1d
sql:
-- Stores collection schema as stringified json
ALTER TABLE collections ADD COLUMN schema_str TEXT;


dir: metadb
filename: 00001-embedding-metadata.sqlite.sql
hash: 2b4cf52c4bb2676e21d6860a4409f856
sql:
CREATE TABLE embeddings (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    segment_id TEXT NOT NULL,
    embedding_id TEXT NOT NULL,
    seq_id BLOB NOT NULL,
    created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    UNIQUE (segment_id, embedding_id)
);

CREATE TABLE embedding_metadata (
    id INTEGER REFERENCES embeddings(id),
    key TEXT NOT NULL,
    string_value TEXT,
    int_value INTEGER,
    float_value REAL,
    PRIMARY KEY (id, key)
);

CREATE TABLE max_seq_id (
    segment_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    seq_id BLOB NOT NULL
);

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE embedding_fulltext USING fts5(id, string_value);


dir: metadb
filename: 00002-embedding-metadata.sqlite.sql
hash: 12a570f7121b3a8ce750a2a7c36da20f
sql:
-- SQLite does not support adding check with alter table, as a result, adding a check
-- involve creating a new table and copying the data over. It is over kill with adding
-- a boolean type column. The application write to the table needs to ensure the data
-- integrity.
ALTER TABLE embedding_metadata ADD COLUMN bool_value INTEGER


dir: metadb
filename: 00003-full-text-tokenize.sqlite.sql
hash: f97ad6334aeaa8f419f01110b648b97a
sql:
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE embedding_fulltext_search USING fts5(string_value, tokenize='trigram');
INSERT INTO embedding_fulltext_search (rowid, string_value) SELECT rowid, string_value FROM embedding_metadata;
DROP TABLE embedding_fulltext;


dir: metadb
filename: 00004-metadata-indices.sqlite.sql
hash: fb36603a45ee2cd0254cef3ef86585e8
sql:
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS embedding_metadata_int_value ON embedding_metadata (key, int_value) WHERE int_value IS NOT NULL;
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS embedding_metadata_float_value ON embedding_metadata (key, float_value) WHERE float_value IS NOT NULL;
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS embedding_metadata_string_value ON embedding_metadata (key, string_value) WHERE string_value IS NOT NULL;


dir: metadb
filename: 00005-max-seq-id-int.sqlite.sql
hash: 0e9de46758761b373ce682925edcc326
sql:
ALTER TABLE max_seq_id ADD COLUMN int_seq_id INTEGER;

-- Convert 8 byte wide big-endian integer as blob to native 64 bit integer.
-- Adapted from https://stackoverflow.com/a/70296198.
UPDATE max_seq_id SET int_seq_id = (
  SELECT (
       (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -1 , 1)) <<  0)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -2 , 1)) <<  4)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -3 , 1)) <<  8)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -4 , 1)) << 12)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -5 , 1)) << 16)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -6 , 1)) << 20)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -7 , 1)) << 24)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -8 , 1)) << 28)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -9 , 1)) << 32)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -10, 1)) << 36)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -11, 1)) << 40)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -12, 1)) << 44)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -13, 1)) << 48)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -14, 1)) << 52)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -15, 1)) << 56)
     | (instr('123456789ABCDEF', substr(hex(seq_id), -16, 1)) << 60)
    )
);

ALTER TABLE max_seq_id DROP COLUMN seq_id;
ALTER TABLE max_seq_id RENAME COLUMN int_seq_id TO seq_id;


dir: metadb
filename: 00006-metadata-array-support.sqlite.sql
hash: e026f01ea92c1baa1493f4ad5ca7cfe7
sql:
-- Separate table for exploded array metadata values.
-- Each array element gets its own row, enabling efficient $contains queries.
-- The existing embedding_metadata table (with its PRIMARY KEY (id, key))
-- remains untouched and continues to store scalar metadata values.

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS embedding_metadata_array (
    id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES embeddings(id),
    key TEXT NOT NULL,
    string_value TEXT,
    int_value INTEGER,
    float_value REAL,
    bool_value INTEGER
);

CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS embedding_metadata_array_id_key
    ON embedding_metadata_array (id, key);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS embedding_metadata_array_key_string
    ON embedding_metadata_array (key, string_value) WHERE string_value IS NOT NULL;
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS embedding_metadata_array_key_int
    ON embedding_metadata_array (key, int_value) WHERE int_value IS NOT NULL;
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS embedding_metadata_array_key_float
    ON embedding_metadata_array (key, float_value) WHERE float_value IS NOT NULL;


dir: embeddings_queue
filename: 00001-embeddings.sqlite.sql
hash: d3755dfd232be8e8301f4d7fcfb3a486
sql:
CREATE TABLE embeddings_queue (
    seq_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    operation INTEGER NOT NULL,
    topic TEXT NOT NULL,
    id TEXT NOT NULL,
    vector BLOB,
    encoding TEXT,
    metadata TEXT
);


# collections

id: d5810420-72ff-4c2e-83d2-4bcb6d03d4e0
name: langchain
database_id: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
config_json_str: {}
schema_str:
{"defaults":{"string":{"fts_index":{"enabled":false,"config":{}},"string_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}},"float_list":{"vector_index":{"enabled":false,"config":{"space":"l2","hnsw":{"ef_construction":100,"max_neighbors":16,"ef_search":100,"num_threads":8,"batch_size":100,"sync_threshold":1000,"resize_factor":1.2}}}},"sparse_vector":{"sparse_vector_index":{"enabled":false,"config":{"embedding_function":{"type":"unknown"},"bm25":false}}},"int":{"int_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}},"float":{"float_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}},"bool":{"bool_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}}},"keys":{"page":{"int":{"int_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}}},"#document":{"string":{"fts_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}},"string_inverted_index":{"enabled":false,"config":{}}}},"creationdate":{"string":{"fts_index":{"enabled":false,"config":{}},"string_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}}},"producer":{"string":{"fts_index":{"enabled":false,"config":{}},"string_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}}},"creator":{"string":{"fts_index":{"enabled":false,"config":{}},"string_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}}},"#embedding":{"float_list":{"vector_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{"space":"l2","source_key":"#document","hnsw":{"ef_construction":100,"max_neighbors":16,"ef_search":100,"num_threads":8,"batch_size":100,"sync_threshold":1000,"resize_factor":1.2}}}}},"moddate":{"string":{"fts_index":{"enabled":false,"config":{}},"string_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}}},"source":{"string":{"fts_index":{"enabled":false,"config":{}},"string_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}}},"total_pages":{"int":{"int_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}}},"author":{"string":{"fts_index":{"enabled":false,"config":{}},"string_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}}},"page_label":{"string":{"fts_index":{"enabled":false,"config":{}},"string_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}}},"title":{"string":{"fts_index":{"enabled":false,"config":{}},"string_inverted_index":{"enabled":true,"config":{}}}}}}


# embedding_metadata

key: source
string_value:
/Users/olusojiapampa/Library/Mobile Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Proposals/BPP/SOPs_Docs/Newly Revised Public Procurement Thresholds - 2025.pdf


key: chroma:document
string_value:
BPP Announces The Newly 
Revised Public Procurement 
Thresholds To Reflect Current 
Economic Realities 
By 
 Samuel Anyanwu 
 - 
May 15, 2025 
 
Director-General of the BPP, Dr. Adebowale A. Adedokun, MCIPS, ACFE 
In a decisive and forward -thinking move aligned with his Renewed Hope 
Agenda, President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, GCFR, has approved a comprehensive 
review of public procurement thresholds for Ministries, Departments, and 
Agencies (MDAs) of the Federal Government . The approval follows the 
recommendations of the Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP) under the able 
leadership of its Director-General, Dr. Adebowale A. Adedokun FCIPS, CMILT, 
ACFE. 
This development marks a significant stride towards improving budget


key: chroma:document
string_value:
ACFE. 
This development marks a significant stride towards improving budget 
implementation, streamlining procurement processes, and enhancing public 
service delivery efficiency in Nigeria’s evolving economic landscape. 
The revised thresholds directly respond to rising inflation, shifting market 
dynamics, and the pressing need to reduce bureaucratic bottlenecks that 
impede timely contract awards and budget execution. With these adjustments, 
more procurement responsibiliti es will now be delegated to Ministerial and 
Parastatal Tenders Boards and Accounting Officers, thus decongesting the 
Federal Executive Council (FEC) of routine procurement matters and allowing 
it to focus on broader national policy issues.


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string_value:
it to focus on broader national policy issues. 
Under the new structure, only contracts valued at N5 billion and above for 
Goods and Consultancy Services and N10 billion and above for Works will 
require FEC approval. Projects below these thresholds will be processed at the 
Ministerial Tenders Board (MTB), Parastatal Tenders Board (PTB), and by the 
Accounting Officers based on their respective costs. These thresholds will 
however be subject to periodic reviews, either upward or downward, 
depending on prevailing economic realities to ensure the stability o f 
procurement processes. The details are as seen in Table below: 
Approving Authority/ “No Objection”  to award Goods Works Non -
Consultant/ Consultant Services.


key: chroma:document
string_value:
BPP Certificate of “No Objection”  for FEC Approval to Contract award N5 
billion and above N10 billion and above N5 billion and above. 
BPP Certificate of “No Objection”  for MTB Approval to Contract award N1 
billion and above but less than N5 billion N5 billion and above but less than 
N10 billion N1 billion and above but less than N5 billion. 
Ministerial Tenders Board (MTB) Approval: N50 million and above but less 
than N1 billion N75 million and above but less than N5 billion N50 million and 
above but less than N1 billion 
Parastatal Tenders Board (PTB) N25 million and above but less than N500 
million N50 million and above but less than N1 billion N25 million and above 
but less than N500 million. 
Accounting Officer: Permanent Secretary Less than N50 million Less than


key: chroma:document
string_value:
but less than N500 million. 
Accounting Officer: Permanent Secretary Less than N50 million Less than 
N75 million Less than N50 million 
Accounting Officer: Director General/CEO Less than N25 million Less than 
N50 million Less than N25 million 
Furthermore, Mr. President approved new thresholds for procurement methods 
aimed at streamlining and enhancing the efficiency of the procurement 
process. Under the revised guidelines, International or National Competitive 
Bidding must procure goods valued at ₦1 billion and above and works valued 
at ₦5 billion and above. For smaller procurements, Requests for Quotations 
are permitted for goods and non-consultant services valued below ₦30 million 
and works valued below ₦50 million. In addition, the threshold for


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and works valued below ₦50 million. In addition, the threshold for 
prequalification has been set at ₦500 million and above for goods and non -
consultant services, and ₦1 billion and above for works. The details are as 
seen in Table below: 
Procurement/ Selection Method and Prequalification Goods (N) Works (N) Non-
Consultant Services (N) Consultant Services (N). 
International/ National Competitive Bidding N1 billion and above N5 billion and 
above N1 billion and above Not Applicable. 
National Competitive Bidding N30 million and above but less than N1 billion 
N50 million and above but less than N5billion N30 million and above but less 
than N1 billion Not Applicable  
Request for Quotation Less than N30 million Less than N50 million Less than 
N30 million Not Applicable.


key: chroma:document
string_value:
Shopping (Market Survey) Less than N10 million Less than N10million Less 
than N10million Not Applicable. 
Single Source/ Direct Contracting Less than N5 million Less than N5million 
Less than N5million As indicated in the PPA, 2007. 
*Prequalification *N500 million and above *N1 billion and above *N500 million 
and above Not Applicable. 
Quality and Cost Based Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable N100 
million and above  
Consultant Qualifications Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Less 
than N100 million. 
Least Cost Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Less than N100 million. 
These reforms directly respond to the urgent need to facilitate the ease of 
doing business, promote economic growth, and foster employment through


key: chroma:document
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doing business, promote economic growth, and foster employment through 
efficient and timely procurement practices. They also reflect Mr. President’s 
commitment to strengthening ins titutions, reducing wastage, and ensuring 
value for money in public expenditure. 
Dr. Adebowale Adedokun, Director -General of the BPP, has reiterated the 
Bureau’s readiness to provide continuous clarification and technical guidance 
to all MDAS and stakeholders involved in procurement activities. He said, “The 
BPP remains open and access ible to all stakeholders seeking interpretation, 
clarification, or assistance in implementing these new thresholds. We aim to 
ensure that all public procurement is carried out per the principles of 
transparency, accountability, and value for money.”


key: chroma:document
string_value:
transparency, accountability, and value for money.” 
The Director-General further clarified that the scope of application of the new 
revised thresholds shall apply to the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary Arms 
of Government, and the Defence and Intelligence Communities, as stipulated 
in the Finance Act, 2 020, and that in line with the objective of the Bureau to 
harmonise existing government policies and practices on public procurement, 
these new revised thresholds shall supersede any other subsisting threshold 
issued by Federal Government. Also, the thresholds apply to other sources of 
funding including internally generated revenues (IGR), donations and gifts. 
The Bureau will, in due course, issue relevant implementation guidelines for


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The Bureau will, in due course, issue relevant implementation guidelines for 
community-based procurement and affirmative/preferential procurements to 
cater for micro, small and medium enterprises, women and persons with 
disabilities to align with these new  thresholds. The Bureau will also issue 
guidelines to address timelines for completion of procurement processes to 
ensure that the implementation of these new and enhanced thresholds is not 
impeded by dilatory conduct and bureaucratic red tapes.


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Furthermore, with these revised thresholds, the Bureau shall issue modalities 
to expedite the implementation of Nigeria First/Local Content Policy of this 
Administration, which is designed to prioritise locally manufactured goods and 
services in all Govern ment procurements to promote domestic production, 
support indigenous industries, and reduce dependence on foreign products. 
The revision of these procurement thresholds as approved by His Excellency, 
Mr. President, takes immediate effect and is expected to bolster the overall 
performance of Nigeria’s procurement ecosystem while enhancing the 
regulatory oversight of the BPP with out unnecessary involvement in 
implementation processes. 
With the approval of these revised thresholds, the Bureau is now positioned to


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implementation processes. 
With the approval of these revised thresholds, the Bureau is now positioned to 
focus on other critical regulatory functions such as post review, procurement 
audit, procurement surveillance, monitoring and evaluation and 
professionalization of the procurement cadre. Some of these activities will be 
done in collaboration with Sister Anti-Corruption Agencies that have presence 
in all the Geo-Political Zones to enhance effectiveness and efficiency. 
Also, MDAs are now under obligation to submit monthly reports of their 
procurement activities including contracts awarded during the month on their 
website and the BPP’s website. These data will be made available to the highest 
approving authorities in the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary Arms for their


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approving authorities in the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary Arms for their 
consideration. The Bureau shall be working very closely with the Special 
Adviser to President on Policy and Coordination and Head of the Central Results 
Delivery Coordination Unit (CRDCU) drive this policy. 
The Director -General of the BPP further emphasized that these revised 
thresholds place a higher degree of responsibility on Ministries, Departments 
and Agencies to be more accountable and transparent in their procurement 
processes and that those who decide  to flout, abuse or frustrate the 
implementation of these revised thresholds will be recommended to Mr. 
President for administrative sanctions, as it will no longer be business as usual.


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President for administrative sanctions, as it will no longer be business as usual. 
To this end, MDAs are expected to immediately allocate funds for the training 
of Procurement Officers and other Professionals involved in the procurement 
value chain to build their capacities and equip them to implement the 2025 
Budget based on the new rev ised thresholds. It is instructive to state that 
going forward and in order to ensure that training curriculum align with the 
fundamental principles of the PPA, 2007 and other extant regulation, only BPP 
approved Individuals, Firms, Professional Associatio ns and Centres of 
Excellence, would be allowed to conduct trainings on public procurement. 
Further to the above, MDAs should familiarise themselves with the BPP’s


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Further to the above, MDAs should familiarise themselves with the BPP’s 
revised Standard Bidding Documents and Draft Conditions of Contract, as all 
procurements under the 2025 Budget and subsequent Budgets are to be 
executed strictly with these documents i n accordance with extant regulations


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on Use of BPP approved Standard Bidding Documents and Conditions of 
Contract. 
The Bureau is also set to invoke its power under Section 6(e) 2007 to debar 
contractors who participate in corrupt or fraudulent acts to obtain contracts or 
who frustrate or delay project implementation. 
The Bureau shall collaborate with the Office of the Head of Civil Service of the 
Federation (OHCSF) to guide the conduct of Procurement Officers in the 
implementation of these revised thresholds and prescribe appropriate 
sanctions for those who deliberately delay implementation. 
In addition, the Office of the Secretary to the Government of the Federation 
(OSGF) shall issue the appropriate Service -Wide Procurement Circular in 
accordance with standard protocol of circulating information in the Service.


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accordance with standard protocol of circulating information in the Service. 
The Circular shall include the modalities to facilitate the implementation of the 
newly revised thresholds. 
Finally, the Presidency urges all MDAs, Procurement Officers, Contractors, and 
Stakeholders to familiarise themselves with the revised thresholds and fully 
cooperate with the BPP to facilitate the actualisation of the Renewed Hope 
Agenda for the overall benefit of the Nation. 
Source: https://fmino.gov.ng/bpp-announces-the-newly-revised-public-procurement-
thresholds-to-reflect-current-economic-realities/


key: source
string_value:
/Users/olusojiapampa/Library/Mobile Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/Documents/Proposals/BPP/SOPs_Docs/2013 Guidelines on Procurement and Award of Contracts.pdf


key: chroma:document
string_value:
1 
 
 
Nigeria: New Guidelines on Procurement and Award 
of Contracts  
Nigeria has issued new guidelines on public procurement and 
contract award procedures. Although they do not have the force 
of law, they are a step in the right direction. George Etomi & 
Partners  looks at the new measures.  
As part of the new democratic government's drive to entrench accountability, efficiency 
and transparency in the public procurement and contract award procedures, the Minister 
of Finance has issued guidelines for the procurement and award of contracts. This 
followed the approval by the Nigerian cabinet of the reform of the public procurement 
system on 17 January 2001. The cabinet's guidelines also proposed the establishment of a


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system on 17 January 2001. The cabinet's guidelines also proposed the establishment of a 
Public Procurement Commission (PPC). However, no legislation has yet been passed 
establishing the PPC. 
It is proposed that the PPC, when established, will be the top policy-making body for all 
procurement and contract award matters in the Public Service. A Steering Committee and 
Procurement Reform Implementation Unit has been established by the Federal Ministry of 
Finance to prepare the ground for the PPC by initiating and supervising the 
implementation of the new policy. The functions of the Steering Committee will eventually 
be taken over by the PPC. 
Summary of the Guidelines  
1. Abolition of the Departmental Tenders Board (DTB) and Federal Tenders Board (FTB):


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Summary of the Guidelines  
1. Abolition of the Departmental Tenders Board (DTB) and Federal Tenders Board (FTB): 
These two boards have been abolished. The Permanent Secretary and a newly created 
Ministerial Tenders Board have assumed their responsibilities. 
 
2. Powers of the Permanent Secretary: Under the new arrangement, the Permanent 
Secretary/ Chief Executive can approve, without competitive open tendering, 
procurements not exceeding US$8,000 approximately. He must obtain at least three 
written proposals from suitably qualified contractors/suppliers. Expenditures incurred 
under the policy are to be documented and reported to the Honourable Minister 
quarterly. 
 
Newly-Established Boards 
 
3. A Ministerial Tenders Board (MTB) has been established in each ministry/extra-


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Newly-Established Boards 
 
3. A Ministerial Tenders Board (MTB) has been established in each ministry/extra-
ministerial department. The Board is made up of a chairman (the Permanent Secretary/ 
Chief Executive of the ministry or extra-ministerial department) and the Directors/Heads 
of Department in the ministry or establishment. Each MTB can award contracts of 
between approximately US$8,000 -US$400,000 in value. The Minister is to approve all 
decisions made by the Board. 
 
4. Armed Forces/ Ministry of Defence Tenders Board: The Board is made up of a 
chairman (the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Defence) and representatives of the


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2 
 
Army, Navy and Air Force and the Director of Finance and Accounts of the Ministry of 
Defence. Contracts awarded by the Ministry of Defence are subject to confirmation by 
the Minister of Defence. 
 
5. Nigeria Police Tenders and Purchasing Board: The Board comprises a Chairman (the 
Permanent Secretary, Police Affairs) and the Deputy Inspector General of Police (Finance 
and Admin), all the heads of department, and the head of the finance and accounts 
department. Contracts awarded by the Board are to be confirmed by the Minister of 
Police Affairs. 
 
With respect to the Armed Forces/ Ministry of Defence Tenders Board and the Nigeria 
Police Tenders and Purchasing Board, the guidelines do not indicate any upper limits


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Police Tenders and Purchasing Board, the guidelines do not indicate any upper limits 
within which contracts can be awarded. Based on the general provisions of the guidelines 
regarding contracts in excess of US$400,000, it is assumed that such contracts for the 
Armed Forces/ Ministry of Defence Tenders Board and the Nigeria Police Tenders and 
Purchasing Board will be referred to the cabinet for approval. 
Board of Corporations and Parastatals:  
Powers of the Boards: 
6. a. Chief Executives of parastatals can make purchases or award contracts where the 
value is not above US$6,000 (approximately). However, not fewer than three written 
quotations should be obtained from suitably qualified contractors/suppliers. All expenses


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quotations should be obtained from suitably qualified contractors/suppliers. All expenses 
incurred under this policy are to be documented and reported to the chairman of the 
Board of Corporations and Parastatals on a quarterly basis for information. 
b. Contracts above US$6,000 but not more than US$170,000 are to be referred to the 
Board of Corporations/Parastatals. 
c. Contracts between US$170,000 and US$400,000 are to be referred to the Ministerial 
Tenders Board of the relevant supervising ministry of the corporation or parastatal for 
consideration. 
d. Federal Executive Council: The Council is to approve all contracts exceeding 
US$400,000 approximately. 
Offences  
7. Tender-splitting carried out deliberately in order to circumvent the provisions of the


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Offences  
7. Tender-splitting carried out deliberately in order to circumvent the provisions of the 
guidelines is a serious offence and is subject to disciplinary action. 
The nature of the disciplinary action that follows this offence is not stated, however. The 
guidelines lack the force of law, and the government may find itself unable to enforce the 
disciplinary measures successfully. 
Practices and Procedures to be Followed in the Approval of Tenders  
8. Competitive Tenders: The Ministerial Tenders Board must adopt open, competitive


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3 
 
tendering procedures. Where it is necessary to use selective, limited tender procedures, 
the Ministerial Tenders Board should carry out the selection of contractors or suppliers. 
a. Advertisement of tenders: Contracts above approximately US$80,000 must be 
advertised in at least two national dailies and/or in the government gazette. The 
advertisement is to be made at least six weeks before the deadline for submitting bids for 
goods. Notices of all other tenders below US$8,000 must be posted on the notice board 
of the procuring agencies. 
b. Opening of bid envelopes: The opening of bid envelopes must be carried out publicly at 
a designated date and time, immediately after the close of the bidding period, to avoid the 
bids being tampered with.


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a designated date and time, immediately after the close of the bidding period, to avoid the 
bids being tampered with. 
c. Criteria for evaluating the bids: The criteria for evaluating the bids should be clearly 
spelt out in the bidding document, and all contracts should be awarded on the basis of 
those criteria. 
d. Committee for evaluation of the bids: A committee made up of professionals will be set 
up to evaluate the bids. All involved in the approval process (members of the Evaluation 
Committee, Tenders Board and the approval authorities) are to declare any conflict of 
interest and exempt themselves from the bid evaluation and approval process. 
e. Publication of contract details: All awarded contracts with a value of US$165,000.00 and


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e. Publication of contract details: All awarded contracts with a value of US$165,000.00 and 
above should be published in two national dailies, with details of the contract, the name of 
the contractor and the contract price clearly stated. 
f. Contract variations: Contracts should be planned properly so as to avoid/ minimise 
variations. Contract variations should not be allowed except when absolutely necessary, 
subject to the approval and/or recommendation of the Ministerial Tenders Board (MTB). 
The method for determining price variation during contract execution must be 
incorporated into the contract. 
9. Security of Bids: All contracts with an estimated value of US$80,000 and above attract a 
bid security of not less than 2% of the bid price.


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bid security of not less than 2% of the bid price. 
 
10. A performance bank guarantee of 10% of the contract price should be obtained for all 
contracts in the region of US$80,000 and above. 
 
11. Procurement Plan: A procurement plan is to be drawn up every quarter to determine 
the requirement of funds for various government offices at different quarters during the 
fiscal year. Funds will be released on the basis of realistic, approved and updated 
procurement plans. 
 
12. International Procurement Agents of high repute may be enlisted to assist in medium 
and large-scale contracting where necessary. 
 
13. Mobilisation fee: Where a mobilisation fee is necessary and appropriate, it shall not 
exceed 25% of the contract amount. The guidelines provide for the mode of payment of


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4 
 
the fee.  
 
14. Payment of Interest on Delayed Payment: Where the Minister or Head of the Extra 
Ministerial Department d 
elays payment to the contractor, the payment will be made at the 
interest rate stipulated in the contract agreement. The interest will only be paid where 
there is a delay in settling the claim of more than 60 days from the date of submission of 
the contractors' invoice /valuation certificate and the authentication/ confirmation of the 
invoice by the relevant ministry. 
 
15. Registration of Contractors/ Suppliers: All eligible contractors/ suppliers are required 
to be registered with the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing or the respective 
ministries/extra-ministerial departments and must produce their VAT Registration


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ministries/extra-ministerial departments and must produce their VAT Registration 
Certificate before they are registered. 
 
16. Audit Inspection: Certified true copies of all contract agreements are to be sent to the 
office of the Auditor General of the Federation or its representatives at the various 
Ministries/extra-ministerial departments. All minutes of the Tenders Board's meetings 
must be made available for inspection by the office of the Auditor General for the 
Federation or his representative. The representative will co-sign the certificate releasing 
final payment. 
Conclusion  
Whilst the policy guidelines are to be applauded, especially the provisions regarding the 
tender process, it remains to be seen what steps will be taken to establish the PPC as the 
top policy-


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tender process, it remains to be seen what steps will be taken to establish the PPC as the 
top policy-
making body with the necessary monitoring and enforcement powers to ensure 
compliance with the objective of the guidelines. This may be accomplished through a 
private member's bill from the national legislature or through a bill sponsored by the 
government itself. Whichever way it is accomplished, the fact remains that these guidelines 
are certainly a step in the right direction.


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THEMATIC COMPILATION OF RELEVANT INFORMATION SUBMITTED 
BY NIGERIA 
 
ARTICLE 9, PARAGRAPH 1 UNCAC 
 
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT 
 
NIGERIA (SIXTH MEETING) 
 
ARTICLE 9 - INTEGRITY IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT  
The Nigerian Public Procurement Regimen is implemented by a  dedicated Agency -the 
Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP) which  implements its enabling Law, The Public 
Procurement Act (PPA) 2007. The  Law and processes of the BPP provide for promotion 
of transparency and  competiveness; prior determination of criteria rela ting to 
opportunities for  procurement; and access of citizens to unclassified records of  
procurement. The BPP in order to enhance transparency in the integrity of the process has 
widely circulated its enabling laws and other relevant  documents including tr anslation


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widely circulated its enabling laws and other relevant  documents including tr anslation 
into local languages. It has also issued  Standard Bidding Documents and a circular to 
ensure its implementation. 
The Bureau monitors the spending by MDAs of monies appropriated and  released but 
could not be spent because the financial year has co me to an end to avoid diversion of 
funds which often run into billions of Naira.  The monitoring activity of the Bureau 
prevents the falsification of  accounting books, financial statements and other documents 
related to public expenditure and revenue. 
Some Ministries, Agencies and Department (MDAs) invite the Bureau to  supervise 
bidding processes. This enhances the integrity of the process.


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bidding processes. This enhances the integrity of the process. 
Currently, the Bureau is prosecuting some companies and individuals for  offences arising 
from bidding processes. These include use of fake tax  receipts in the bidding processes, 
conferring of unfair advantages, and other violations of the Public Procurement Act. 
The Bureau also has understanding with the Federal Inland Revenue  Services (FIRS) to 
recover taxes from companies and individuals who evade taxes and prosecutes tax related 
offences on behalf of FIRS.  Further details of BPP experience in implementing public 
procurement regimen is detailed in Annexure 1 
The Code of Conduct Bureau (CCB) plays a complimentary r ole in the  procurement


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The Code of Conduct Bureau (CCB) plays a complimentary r ole in the  procurement 
process due to its mandate to establish and maintain a high  level of morality in the 
conduct of Government business and to ensure  that the actions and behavior of Public 
Officers conform to the highest standards of Public morality and accountability. 
CCB through its Strategic Plan provides a roadmap that seeks to develop Agency-specific 
Code of Conduct. The activity also covers Code of Ethics  and Integrity standards in the 
processes adopted by the Agencies with  regard to Transparency and Accountability in 
Management of Public  Finance. With special reference to high impact Agencies, CCB 
has classified them as high risk Organizations and focuses most of its attention  on these 
organizations.


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has classified them as high risk Organizations and focuses most of its attention  on these 
organizations. 
The already developed Agency-specific concept notes are being refined for trial run with 
identified organizations.


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NIGERIA (THIRD MEETING) 
 
Article 9 – PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF 
PUBLIC FINANCES 
Nigeria has since 2007 codified rules governing public procurement at the Federal level  
with the enactment of the Public Procurement Act 2007 (PPA). The PPA establishes the  
Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP) and invests it with powers to regulate and super vise 
procurement activities in the Ministries, Departments and Agencies. The PPA provides  
for wide distribution of information of opportunities for participation in the procurement  
process; criteria for participation; publication of pre -determined selectio n and award  
criteria; and a six week period for notification of bidders. The law also establishes a


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criteria; and a six week period for notification of bidders. The law also establishes a  
system of domestic review and appeal procedures. There are also provisions to regulate  
the conduct of personnel responsible for public procurement such as d eclaration of  
interest; screening; and training requirements. To ensure effectiveness, a procurement  
cadre has been established in the Public Service. The Nigerian Public Procurement  
Regimen goes beyond the requirements of the UNCAC by requiring bidders to  
accompany bids with affidavits of disclosure on any interest of the officers of the  
procuring entity, in the bidding company. The PPA also provides for a mandatory  
citizens observation of the procurement process and access to procurement information.


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citizens observation of the procurement process and access to procurement information. 
The major challenge in implementing Article 9 is the Country ’s fiscal federalist structure 
which gives legislative autonomy to the federating states in matters such as public  
procurement. As a result, the federal legislation cannot be implemented in the states  and 
the states are required to pass their own public procurement laws. 
However, due to intensive advocacy, we are happy to report that at present 18states out of 
the 36 states of the Federation, have passed Public Procurement Laws and have


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established Pub lic Procurement Bureaus. The states are Adamawa, Anambra,  Bauchi 
,Bayelsa, Delta ,Ebonyi, Ekiti, Enugu, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kebbi, Kwara, 
Lagos , Niger, Ondo, Osun, and Rivers. Corruption in Procurement: 
The BPP, the course of its activities identify case s of corruption in the procurement  
process and reports same to the anti-corruption enforcement agencies. A list of such cases 
reported to the EFCC from 2010 to 2012 is attached as Annexture 4. 
Article 12 –Preventing Corruption in the Private Sector-Enhancing 
Accounting and Auditing Standards 
The Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) provides a statutory framework for the  
regulation of the operation of private companies and provides specific guidelines on their


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regulation of the operation of private companies and provides specific guidelines on their  
formation, registration, ownership, accountin g, filing of annual returns and reporting of  
company affairs. The CAMA establishes the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC)  
which is a depository for all company information and ensures compliance with  
regulations. It also enables access to information on le gal and natural persons behind  
corporate entities. 
Further, all professional bodies in Nigeria such as the Nigerian Bar Association, The  
Medical and Dental Council, etc. are established by statute and these enabling laws  
provide for issuance of Codes of Professional Conduct as a mechanism for complaint and


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provide for issuance of Codes of Professional Conduct as a mechanism for complaint and  
sanctions. There are also several sector specific industry regulators such as the Central  
Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Nigerian Deposit Insurance Company (NDIC) in the  
banking and financial sector; The Special Control Unit Against Money Laundering  
(SCUML) dealing with designated non - financial institutions (DNFI); The Securities and  
Exchange Commission (SEC) regulating The Capital Market; and the Nigerian Extractive 
Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI) for the Extractive sector.  In respect of 
accounting and auditing standards in the private sector, The National  Accounting 
Standards Board (NASB), a government regulatory body has the mandate to  issue


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Standards Board (NASB), a government regulatory body has the mandate to  issue 
commercial accounting standards for the Country andmonitor compliance. 
There are several Public /Private Initiatives to curb corruption and ensure transparency  
and accountability such as the anti-money laundering initiatives between the CBN, ACAs 
and the Banking and Financ ial sector; The Code of Corporate Governance developed by  
the SEC, the CAC and private sector companies; The United Nations Global Compact  
and the Business Action Against Corruption (BAAC) which Nigeria has signed on to. 
There are codified Conflict of Inte rest rules enshrined in the Code of Conduct for Public  
Officers and the Public Procurement Act.


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Officers and the Public Procurement Act. 
The challenge in implementing this article stems from the fact that there is a huge  
informal sector with many businesses operating outside the CAC framework the reby 
making monitoring of compliance with regulations problematic. However, there are 
ongoing efforts to intensify the regulation of this informal sector. The CBN in 
collaboration with SCUML has just issued guidelines to Banks not to deal with DNFIs 
who are not registered with SCUML. This will ensure a comprehensive mapping of this 
sector and improve compliance with Article 12.


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4. Supplier Selection: Submission & Evaluation 
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) & Service Levels (SLAs) 
Version 1.0 | Dated 03 February 2026 
 
Purpose 
• Define how bids/proposals are received, secured, opened, evaluated and documented to ensure 
fairness, confidentiality, and selection of the lowest evaluated responsive bid (goods/works) or best-
evaluated proposal (services). 
• Establish integrity controls to prevent interference, bid rigging, or post-deadline alterations. 
Scope 
• Applies from receipt of bids/proposals through evaluation report approval and recommendation for 
award. 
• Covers goods/works bids (open competitive bidding) and consultant proposals (technical/financial). 
Roles & Responsibilities (minimum)


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Roles & Responsibilities (minimum) 
• Procurement Unit / Tenders Board Secretary: manages bid receipt, custody, bid opening logistics, and 
records (PPA 2007 s.27 & s.30). 
• Evaluation Committee/Sub-Committee: conducts examination and evaluation against published 
criteria; prepares evaluation report (PPA 2007 s.22(4); s.31-32). 
• Tenders Board: reviews evaluation report and recommends award within thresholds (PPA 2007 s.22). 
• Observers: two credible observers (private sector professional body + NGO) present; submit 
observations but do not intervene (PPA 2007 s.19(b)). 
• Accounting Officer: ensures compliance; resolves complaints and disputes (PPA 2007 s.19(f); s.20). 
Procedure (What to do, when, why, and how)


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Procedure (What to do, when, why, and how) 
1. Establish a secure bid receipt process: sealed envelopes; tamper-proof bid box; issue receipts with 
date/time (PPA 2007 s.27). 
2. Enforce deadline strictly: any bid received after deadline is returned unopened (PPA 2007 s.27(5)). 
3. Conduct public bid opening immediately after the submission deadline; register attendees; read out 
bidder name/address and bid totals/currency; record minutes (PPA 2007 s.30(b)-(e)). 
4. Maintain confidentiality after opening: do not disclose examination/evaluation information until award is 
notified (Goods & Works Regs 2007 para 14). 
5. Perform preliminary examination for eligibility, signature, responsiveness, and general orderliness (PPA 
2007 s.31(1)).


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2007 s.31(1)). 
6. Request clarifications only to assist examination/evaluation; prohibit changes in prices or substance (PPA 
2007 s.31(2)-(3)). 
7. Evaluate bids against stated criteria only; do not change criteria mid-process (PPA 2007 s.16(15) as 
reflected in the Act text; goods/works selection is lowest evaluated responsive bid) (PPA 2007 s.24(3); s.32-
33). 
8. Prepare an evaluation report including: evaluation methodology, responsiveness analysis, arithmetic 
corrections (if applicable), recommended bidder, and reasons for disqualification of others (best practice; 
consistent with transparency).


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9. Enable debriefing of unsuccessful bidders upon request (PPA 2007 s.19(e)). 
10. File all evaluation artefacts and minutes; ensure record completeness for audits and possible complaints 
(PPA 2007 s.38; Goods & Works Regs 2007 para 16). 
Required Records / Evidence 
• Bid receipt register and receipts. 
• Bid opening attendance register and signed minutes. 
• Confidential evaluation worksheets and scoring sheets (where applicable). 
• Clarification requests and responses (written). 
• Evaluation report with recommendation for award. 
• Observers’ reports (PPA 2007 s.19(b)). 
Key Controls (Integrity, Value-for-Money, Compliance) 
• Time-stamp control: system/physical log ensures no late bids are opened (PPA 2007 s.27(5)).


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• Time-stamp control: system/physical log ensures no late bids are opened (PPA 2007 s.27(5)). 
• Confidentiality control: restricted access to evaluation files; NDA/ethics declarations (Goods & Works 
Regs 2007 para 14; PPA 2007 s.57). 
• No-contact rule: no communication after publication except as permitted for clarifications (PPA 2007 
s.27(6); s.31(2)). 
• Anti-collusion screening: red flags review and escalation to BPP/anti-corruption bodies where needed 
(PPA 2007 offences; OECD integrity). 
Service Levels (SLAs) & Statutory Timelines 
Process point SLA / timeline Source Notes / evidence 
Bid opening timing Immediately after 
deadline 
PPA 2007 s.30(c) Minutes must show opening 
time 
Late bid handling Return unopened PPA 2007 s.27(5) Log late receipt 
Bidder complaint submission


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time 
Late bid handling Return unopened PPA 2007 s.27(5) Log late receipt 
Bidder complaint submission 
window 
≤15 working days 
after awareness 
Goods & Works 
Regs 2007 para 
17; PPA 2007 
s.54(2)(a) 
Record complaint date 
Accounting Officer response 
to complaint 
≤15 working days Goods & Works 
Regs 2007 para 
18; PPA 2007 
s.54(2)(b) 
Provide reasons/corrective 
action 
Appeal to BPP after AO 
decision 
≤10 working days Goods & Works 
Regs 2007 para 
19; PPA 2007 
s.54(3) 
Attach AO decision 
BPP decision on complaint ≤21 working days Goods & Works 
Regs 2007 para 
19; PPA 2007 
s.54(6) 
Decision in writing 
Minimum Compliance Data Points for an Exceptions-Reporting Platform 
• Bid deadline timestamp; bid opening timestamp (auto-flag if not immediate).


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• Bid deadline timestamp; bid opening timestamp (auto-flag if not immediate). 
• Bid receipt count; late-bid count; receipt IDs. 
• Observer attendance recorded (yes/no) and observer reports uploaded. 
• Evaluation start/end dates and evaluation report upload date.


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• Complaint/appeal tracker with statutory time windows. 
References (in-line citations appear in brackets) 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement Act, 2007 (PPA 2007). 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement (Goods and Works) Regulations, 2007. 
• UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Procurement (2011) and Guide to Enactment. 
• World Bank Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers (7th ed., Sep 2025) and associated guidance on 
PPSD and Contract Management. 
• OECD Recommendation on Public Procurement (2015) and implementation guidance (2025).


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1 
6. Contract Management 
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) & Service Levels (SLAs) 
Version 1.0 | Dated 03 February 2026 
 
Purpose 
• Standardise post-award management to ensure delivery of outputs, control of variations, risk 
management, and documentation for audit and performance improvement. 
• Shift focus from contract signing to performance and value realisation. 
Scope 
• Applies from contract signature through completion, warranty/defects liability (where applicable), and 
final close-out. 
• Covers: kickoff, performance monitoring, variations, disputes, integrity controls, and reporting. 
Roles & Responsibilities (minimum) 
• Contract Manager (appointed by MDA): single point of accountability for contract performance (best 
practice; World Bank contract management guidance).


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practice; World Bank contract management guidance). 
• User Department/Technical Supervisor: verifies outputs and quality; issues interim performance 
certificates where applicable (PPA 2007 s.35(2)). 
• Procurement Unit: maintains contract records, change control logs, and supplier performance records 
(best practice; supports future procurement). 
• Finance Unit: processes payments against certified milestones; monitors late payment exposure (PPA 
2007 s.37). 
• Legal Unit: manages disputes, claims, and contract amendments. 
• BPP: may conduct post reviews; may declare misprocurement if procedures not followed (Goods & 
Works Regs 2007 on misprocurement; PPA 2007 s.5-6). 
Procedure (What to do, when, why, and how)


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Works Regs 2007 on misprocurement; PPA 2007 s.5-6). 
Procedure (What to do, when, why, and how) 
1. Create a Contract Management Plan (CMP) before or at contract signature: roles, reporting, KPIs, risks, 
inspection schedule, acceptance tests, payment milestones, and change-control process (World Bank 
Contract Management Guidance). 
2. Hold a contract kickoff meeting within 10 working days of signature (recommended SLA; best practice) to 
confirm deliverables, schedule, communication channels, and documentation standards. 
3. Maintain a contract file: signed contract, securities, correspondence, meeting minutes, approvals, 
performance reports, certificates, invoices, and payment evidence (PPA 2007 s.38; Regs 2007 para 16 
retention).


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performance reports, certificates, invoices, and payment evidence (PPA 2007 s.38; Regs 2007 para 16 
retention). 
4. Monitor performance against KPIs: cost, time, quality, safety, and social/environmental obligations 
where specified (OECD and World Bank performance focus). 
5. Administer variations strictly: require written variation request, impact assessment (cost/time), 
approvals per delegation, and update CMP; avoid material scope changes that undermine competition 
(good practice; supports PPA 2007 principles). 
6. Manage integrity risks: monitor conflicts of interest, gifts/hospitality, and collusion signals; report 
suspected fraud/corruption to relevant authorities (PPA 2007 offences; OECD integrity).


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7. Manage claims and disputes early: maintain issues log; use contractual dispute resolution procedures; 
preserve evidence. 
8. Conduct regular site visits/inspections and document findings; use checklists tied to contract 
requirements (World Bank contract monitoring guidance). 
9. Maintain supplier performance records for future reference (World Bank supplier relationship 
management concepts). 
10. Close out contract: verify completion, final acceptance, final account reconciliation, release of 
guarantees per contract, and lessons-learned report. 
Required Records / Evidence 
• Contract Management Plan (CMP) and KPI dashboard. 
• Kickoff meeting minutes and action log. 
• Site visit/inspection reports and test results. 
• Variation/change orders and approvals.


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• Site visit/inspection reports and test results. 
• Variation/change orders and approvals. 
• Issues, risks, and disputes log. 
• Supplier performance evaluation at completion. 
Key Controls (Integrity, Value-for-Money, Compliance) 
• Milestone-based certification before payment: no payment without a required performance certificate 
where applicable (PPA 2007 s.35(2)). 
• Change control: ensure all variations are approved and documented; monitor the cumulative variation 
value (best practice). 
• Payment discipline: monitor days since invoice/valuation certificate; flag approaching 60-day delayed-
payment threshold (PPA 2007 s.37(2)). 
• Transparency and audit readiness: maintain complete files; enforce record retention (PPA 2007 s. 38; 
Regs 2007 para 16).


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Regs 2007 para 16). 
Service Levels (SLAs) & Statutory Timelines 
Process point SLA / timeline Source Notes / evidence 
Interim payments after 
mobilization 
No further payment 
without interim 
performance certificate 
PPA 2007 s.35(2) Certificate uploaded before 
payment 
Delayed payment definition >60 days from 
invoice/valuation 
certificate/confirmation 
PPA 2007 s.37(2) Platform should auto-flag 
day 45/60 
Late-payment interest clause Contracts must specify 
interest for late 
payment >60 days 
PPA 2007 s.37(4) Verify clause at contract 
setup 
Record retention ≥10 years Regs 2007 para 
16; PPA 2007 
s.38 
Applies to contract file 
Minimum Compliance Data Points for an Exceptions-Reporting Platform 
• CMP existence (yes/no) + upload date; KPI set (yes/no).


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• CMP existence (yes/no) + upload date; KPI set (yes/no). 
• Invoice dates, certification dates, payment dates (auto-compute days outstanding). 
• Variation log: count, value, approval level, cumulative % change. 
• Inspection schedule and reports; non-conformance and corrective actions. 
• Supplier performance rating at close-out.


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References (in-line citations appear in brackets) 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement Act, 2007 (PPA 2007). 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement (Goods and Works) Regulations, 2007. 
• UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Procurement (2011) and Guide to Enactment. 
• World Bank Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers (7th ed., Sep 2025) and associated guidance on 
PPSD and Contract Management. 
• OECD Recommendation on Public Procurement (2015) and implementation guidance (2025).


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1 
BPP Internal Regulator SOPs & Configurable SLAs 
Regulatory Service Standards Across the Public Procurement Lifecycle (8 Topics) 
Version: Draft v0.1  |  Date: 2026-02-03 
Prepared for: Bureau for Public Procurement (BPP), Federal Republic of Nigeria 
Purpose: Internal regulator operating procedures and configurable turnaround standards (SLAs)


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How to use this document 
• This document defines **internal BPP regulatory processes** (what BPP does as a 
regulator, not as a procuring entity) and the **service standards (SLAs)** BPP commits to 
for predictable, transparent oversight. 
• Where Nigerian extant rules specify a time requirement, it is marked as **Legal/Extant 
requirement** with an in-line reference. 
• Where Nigerian extant rules do **not** specify a time requirement (common for many ‘No 
Objection’ workflow steps), this document proposes **Configurable internal targets**. 
These are *not legal mandates* and should be set by BPP management and reviewed 
periodically. 
• All SLAs assume **complete and correct submissions**. The ‘clock’ pauses when BPP issues


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periodically. 
• All SLAs assume **complete and correct submissions**. The ‘clock’ pauses when BPP issues 
a request for clarification/additional information and resumes upon receipt. 
• Each SLA is designed to be **configurable parameters** in the Exceptions Reporting / 
Oversight Platform (e.g., target days, escalation thresholds, exception codes). 
Regulatory model adopted 
• **Standard Setting**: issuing templates, checklists, and guidelines; clarifying interpretation; 
building capacity. 
• **Compliance Information Gathering**: collecting procurement plans/records; validating 
disclosures; conducting audits/inspections; maintaining databases. 
• **Behaviour Modification**: feedback loops, corrective actions, sanctions referrals,


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• **Behaviour Modification**: feedback loops, corrective actions, sanctions referrals, 
transparency incentives, and performance benchmarking. 
Definitions (operational) 
• **Complete submission**: package includes required documents, signatures, approvals, 
and data fields for the relevant request type; otherwise treated as ‘incomplete’. 
• **Prior review / ‘No Objection’**: BPP review/certification where procurement values 
exceed applicable thresholds, or where otherwise required by extant policy/threshold 
guidance. [PPA 2007 s.16(1)(a)-(d); thresholds circular] 
• **Administrative review (bidder complaint)**: bidder complaint escalation to BPP after 
accounting officer decision; BPP must decide within a legal timeline. [PPA 2007 s.54(6)]


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accounting officer decision; BPP must decide within a legal timeline. [PPA 2007 s.54(6)] 
• **Disclosure validation**: verification/approval of procurement information prior to 
publication on NOCOPO. [BPP Open Contracting Disclosure Guideline, s.6(c)–7] 
• **Working day**: official working day (excluding public holidays/weekends), consistent 
with common practice in BPP standard bidding documents. 
Core regulatory service catalogue 
Service family Typical request types 
(examples) 
Primary outputs 
Guidance & standard setting Standard bidding documents, 
standard forms, 
interpretation notes, 
Guideline/SBD issuance; 
advisory response; published 
FAQ/clarification


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3 
Service family Typical request types 
(examples) 
Primary outputs 
helpdesk responses 
Prior review & certification Review of procurement plans 
(as required), review of 
solicitation documents (as 
required), issuance/refusal of 
Certificate of ‘No Objection’ / 
compliance certification 
Certificate; query letter; 
refusal letter with reasons; 
corrective actions 
Transparency & disclosure NOCOPO data/document 
validation, redaction checks, 
publication approval 
Validated disclosure; return 
for correction; publication log 
Monitoring, audit & 
enforcement 
Post review/audit, 
inspections, exception 
investigations, sanctions 
referrals 
Audit report; corrective 
action plan; referral; 
sanctions recommendation 
Dispute & complaint 
resolution 
Administrative review


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action plan; referral; 
sanctions recommendation 
Dispute & complaint 
resolution 
Administrative review 
complaints, stakeholder 
petitions 
Decision within statutory 
timeline; remedies; 
directions to procuring entity


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4 
SLA architecture for configuration in the Oversight Platform 
Common SLA parameters (to configure) 
• SLA_START_EVENT: e.g., ‘Complete submission received’ (timestamped). 
• SLA_STOP_EVENT: e.g., ‘Decision issued’ / ‘Certificate issued’ / ‘Complaint decision issued’. 
• CLOCK_PAUSE_EVENTS: ‘Clarification requested’, ‘Awaiting MDA response’, ‘Awaiting 
external expert review’, ‘Awaiting legal review’. 
• SLA_TARGET_DAYS: integer (working days) per request type and complexity band. 
• ESCALATION_1_AT: % of SLA consumed (e.g., 70%) to notify team lead. 
• ESCALATION_2_AT: % (e.g., 90%) to notify director/management dashboard. 
• EXCEPTION_CODES: completeness defects, scope creep, missing approvals, suspected fraud, 
litigation hold, etc.


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• EXCEPTION_CODES: completeness defects, scope creep, missing approvals, suspected fraud, 
litigation hold, etc. 
• EVIDENCE_FIELDS: mandatory metadata captured for audit trail (request ID, threshold band, 
method, value, MDA, dates, decision-maker). 
Complexity bands (recommended) 
Band Definition (examples) Typical handling approach 
A – Standard/Low complexity Standard goods/non-
consulting services; no novel 
risks; clean documentation 
Template-driven checklist 
review 
B – Medium complexity Works with moderate 
technical risk; multiple lots; 
borderline responsiveness 
issues 
Checklist + specialist review 
C – High complexity Complex works/EPC; major 
ICT; PPP-like structures; high 
value; multiple stakeholders 
Multi-disciplinary panel; 
legal/technical review


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ICT; PPP-like structures; high 
value; multiple stakeholders 
Multi-disciplinary panel; 
legal/technical review 
D – High-risk/Integrity red 
flags 
Collusion allegations; single-
source justification; repeated 
exceptions; audit flags 
Enhanced scrutiny + 
enforcement pathway


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5 
Need Identification 
Regulatory intent (BPP role) 
• Standard setting: define minimum documentation, templates, and quality gates for this 
stage. 
• Compliance information gathering: define what data/documents must be reported to 
BPP/NOCOPO and when. 
• Behaviour modification: define how BPP uses exceptions, audits, and transparency to 
improve compliance and deter abuse. 
Regulatory services and decision points 
• Issue guidance on **needs justification** and linkage to appropriation/procurement plan. 
[PPA 2007 s.16(1)(b)] 
• Define ‘red flags’ for demand inflation/splitting and prescribe exception indicators. 
• Provide advisory opinions on whether proposed procurement is within scope and compliant 
(non-binding unless escalated to enforcement). 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps


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(non-binding unless escalated to enforcement). 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
1. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
2. Perform a **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
a deficiency notice and pause the SLA clock. 
3. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
4. Conduct substantive review using standardised checklists and decision rules; document 
findings and evidence. 
5. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
the SLA clock. 
6. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance


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the SLA clock. 
6. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
7. Quality assurance (peer review/supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorisation. 
8. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
MDA 
1 working day 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
(no explicit 
statutory


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6 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
time) 
Completeness 
screening 
Any stage 
request 
Complete/Incomplete 
status + deficiency list 
2 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Advisory response 
/ interpretation 
note 
Need 
identification / 
market 
research / 
solicitation 
queries 
Written advisory 
response (non-
binding unless 
escalated) 
5 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Platform configuration – data fields and exception signals 
• Mandatory metadata: MDA, project title, procurement category, method, estimated value, 
threshold band, complexity band, risk flags, submission completeness score. 
• Stage-specific documents received (yes/no) + versioning; reviewer assignment; decision-


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• Stage-specific documents received (yes/no) + versioning; reviewer assignment; decision-
maker; timestamps for each workflow step. 
• Exception signals (examples): scope/need mismatch to appropriation; unusual price 
variance; weak competition; repeated cancellations; high variation orders; delayed 
disclosures; complaint volume. 
• Auto-generated outputs: SLA countdown; escalation alerts; dashboards (per MDA, per 
method, per reviewer, per risk flag).


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7 
Market Research & Analysis 
Regulatory intent (BPP role) 
• Standard setting: define minimum documentation, templates, and quality gates for this 
stage. 
• Compliance information gathering: define what data/documents must be reported to 
BPP/NOCOPO and when. 
• Behaviour modification: define how BPP uses exceptions, audits, and transparency to 
improve compliance and deter abuse. 
Regulatory services and decision points 
• Set standard for market/price intelligence documentation and acceptable sources; maintain 
benchmarks where feasible. 
• Use NOCOPO and other datasets to publish reference price ranges and vendor capacity 
signals (where lawful and appropriate). 
• Define exceptions triggers: unjustified sole source, unexplained price variance, weak 
competition signals.


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• Define exceptions triggers: unjustified sole source, unexplained price variance, weak 
competition signals. 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
9. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
10. Perform **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
deficiency notice and pause SLA clock. 
11. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
12. Conduct substantive review using standardized checklists and decision rules; document 
findings and evidence. 
13. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock.


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13. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock. 
14. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
15. Quality assurance (peer review / supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorization. 
16. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
1 working day 
(configurable 
Internal target 
(no explicit


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8 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
MDA internal target) statutory 
time) 
Completeness 
screening 
Any stage 
request 
Complete/Incomplete 
status + deficiency list 
2 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Advisory response 
/ interpretation 
note 
Need 
identification / 
market 
research / 
solicitation 
queries 
Written advisory 
response (non-
binding unless 
escalated) 
5 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Platform configuration – data fields and exception signals 
• Mandatory metadata: MDA, project title, procurement category, method, estimated value, 
threshold band, complexity band, risk flags, submission completeness score.


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threshold band, complexity band, risk flags, submission completeness score. 
• Stage-specific documents received (yes/no) + versioning; reviewer assignment; decision-
maker; timestamps for each workflow step. 
• Exception signals (examples): scope/need mismatch to appropriation; unusual price 
variance; weak competition; repeated cancellations; high variation orders; delayed 
disclosures; complaint volume. 
• Auto-generated outputs: SLA countdown; escalation alerts; dashboards (per MDA, per 
method, per reviewer, per risk flag).


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9 
Solicitation: Tender Preparation & Publication 
Regulatory intent (BPP role) 
• Standard setting: define minimum documentation, templates, and quality gates for this 
stage. 
• Compliance information gathering: define what data/documents must be reported to 
BPP/NOCOPO and when. 
• Behaviour modification: define how BPP uses exceptions, audits, and transparency to 
improve compliance and deter abuse. 
Regulatory services and decision points 
• Publish and maintain BPP standard bidding documents (SBDs) and templates; provide 
interpretation notes. 
• Define minimum advertising/publication standards and evidence required in the file (e.g., 
adverts, media proofs). 
• Ensure disclosure timelines for tender-stage information via NOCOPO and validate before


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adverts, media proofs). 
• Ensure disclosure timelines for tender-stage information via NOCOPO and validate before 
publication. [BPP Open Contracting Disclosure Guideline 2019] 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
17. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
18. Perform **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
deficiency notice and pause SLA clock. 
19. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
20. Conduct substantive review using standardized checklists and decision rules; document 
findings and evidence. 
21. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock.


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21. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock. 
22. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
23. Quality assurance (peer review / supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorization. 
24. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
1 working 
day 
Internal target (no 
explicit statutory


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10 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
MDA (configurabl
e internal 
target) 
time) 
Completeness 
screening 
Any stage 
request 
Complete/Incomplet
e status + deficiency 
list 
2 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Advisory response 
/ interpretation 
note 
Need 
identificatio
n / market 
research / 
solicitation 
queries 
Written advisory 
response (non-
binding unless 
escalated) 
5 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’ 
substantive review 
(Band A) 
Standard, 
low 
complexity 
submissions 
above 
threshold 
Decision memo + 
clearance for 
certificate issuance 
10 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target; 
PPA requires 
certificate but not


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10 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target; 
PPA requires 
certificate but not 
timeline for 
issuance [PPA 2007 
s.16] 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’ 
substantive review 
(Band B) 
Medium 
complexity 
submissions 
above 
threshold 
Decision memo + 
clearance for 
certificate issuance 
15 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’ 
substantive review 
(Band C) 
High 
complexity 
submissions 
above 
threshold 
Decision memo + 
clearance for 
certificate issuance 
20 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Enhanced integrity 
review (Band D) 
High-
risk/red-flag 
cases 
Decision + 
enforcement/audit 
trigger where 
warranted 
25 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target)


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cases 
Decision + 
enforcement/audit 
trigger where 
warranted 
25 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target; 
may require 
pauses for 
investigations 
Certificate 
issuance after 
clearance 
Where 
decision is to 
issue 
certificate 
Certificate of ‘No 
Objection’ / 
compliance 
certificate issued 
2 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
NOCOPO 
disclosure 
validation/approva
l 
Disclosure 
items 
uploaded by 
procuring 
Approve for 
publication / return 
for correction 
7 working 
days (extant 
guideline 
expectation) 
BPP Open 
Contracting 
Disclosure 
Guideline: MDAs


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11 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
entity should leave at 
least 7 full working 
days for BPP 
validation/approva
l [Guideline s.6(c)] 
Platform configuration – data fields and exception signals 
• Mandatory metadata: MDA, project title, procurement category, method, estimated value, 
threshold band, complexity band, risk flags, submission completeness score. 
• Stage-specific documents received (yes/no) + versioning; reviewer assignment; decision-
maker; timestamps for each workflow step. 
• Exception signals (examples): scope/need mismatch to appropriation; unusual price 
variance; weak competition; repeated cancellations; high variation orders; delayed 
disclosures; complaint volume.


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variance; weak competition; repeated cancellations; high variation orders; delayed 
disclosures; complaint volume. 
• Auto-generated outputs: SLA countdown; escalation alerts; dashboards (per MDA, per 
method, per reviewer, per risk flag).


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12 
Supplier Selection: Submission & Evaluation 
Regulatory intent (BPP role) 
• Standard setting: define minimum documentation, templates, and quality gates for this 
stage. 
• Compliance information gathering: define what data/documents must be reported to 
BPP/NOCOPO and when. 
• Behaviour modification: define how BPP uses exceptions, audits, and transparency to 
improve compliance and deter abuse. 
Regulatory services and decision points 
• Set standard evaluation methodology, scoring templates, and documentation requirements 
(minutes, opening register, evaluation report). 
• Define record retention and reporting requirements; promote observer participation where 
applicable. [PPA 2007 s.19(b)] 
• Trigger targeted reviews/audits where evaluation anomalies appear (e.g., high


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applicable. [PPA 2007 s.19(b)] 
• Trigger targeted reviews/audits where evaluation anomalies appear (e.g., high 
disqualification rates, identical bids). 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
25. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
26. Perform **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
deficiency notice and pause SLA clock. 
27. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
28. Conduct substantive review using standardized checklists and decision rules; document 
findings and evidence. 
29. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock.


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29. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock. 
30. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
31. Quality assurance (peer review / supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorization. 
32. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
1 working day 
(configurable 
Internal target 
(no explicit


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13 
MDA internal target) statutory time) 
Completeness 
screening 
Any stage 
request 
Complete/Incomplete 
status + deficiency list 
2 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Advisory response 
/ interpretation 
note 
Need 
identification / 
market 
research / 
solicitation 
queries 
Written advisory 
response (non-
binding unless 
escalated) 
5 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’ 
substantive 
review (Band A) 
Standard, low 
complexity 
submissions 
above 
threshold 
Decision memo + 
clearance for 
certificate issuance 
10 working 
days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target; 
PPA requires 
certificate but 
not timeline 
for issuance 
[PPA 2007 
s.16] 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’


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PPA requires 
certificate but 
not timeline 
for issuance 
[PPA 2007 
s.16] 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’ 
substantive 
review (Band B) 
Medium 
complexity 
submissions 
above 
threshold 
Decision memo + 
clearance for 
certificate issuance 
15 working 
days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’ 
substantive 
review (Band C) 
High 
complexity 
submissions 
above 
threshold 
Decision memo + 
clearance for 
certificate issuance 
20 working 
days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Enhanced 
integrity review 
(Band D) 
High-risk/red-
flag cases 
Decision + 
enforcement/audit 
trigger where 
warranted 
25 working 
days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target; 
may require 
pauses for 
investigations 
Certificate


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days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target; 
may require 
pauses for 
investigations 
Certificate 
issuance after 
clearance 
Where 
decision is to 
issue 
certificate 
Certificate of ‘No 
Objection’ / 
compliance 
certificate issued 
2 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Administrative 
review decision 
(bidder complaint) 
Complaint 
escalated to 
BPP after 
accounting 
officer decision 
Written decision + 
remedies (if any) 
21 working 
days (LEGAL 
requirement) 
Public 
Procurement 
Act, s.54(6) 
[PPA 2007] 
Platform configuration – data fields and exception signals 
• Mandatory metadata: MDA, project title, procurement category, method, estimated value, 
threshold band, complexity band, risk flags, submission completeness score.


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threshold band, complexity band, risk flags, submission completeness score. 
• Stage-specific documents received (yes/no) + versioning; reviewer assignment; decision-
maker; timestamps for each workflow step.


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• Exception signals (examples): scope/need mismatch to appropriation; unusual price 
variance; weak competition; repeated cancellations; high variation orders; delayed 
disclosures; complaint volume. 
• Auto-generated outputs: SLA countdown; escalation alerts; dashboards (per MDA, per 
method, per reviewer, per risk flag).


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15 
Contract Award Processes 
Regulatory intent (BPP role) 
• Standard setting: define minimum documentation, templates, and quality gates for this 
stage. 
• Compliance information gathering: define what data/documents must be reported to 
BPP/NOCOPO and when. 
• Behaviour modification: define how BPP uses exceptions, audits, and transparency to 
improve compliance and deter abuse. 
Regulatory services and decision points 
• Operate prior review and issue/refuse Certificates of ‘No Objection’ for procurements above 
applicable thresholds. [PPA 2007 s.16(1)(b); s.16(3)] 
• Enforce service-wide prior review thresholds (and updates) as approved and communicated. 
[Thresholds Circular 2022] 
• Publish award-stage disclosures and validate for NOCOPO publication. [BPP Open


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[Thresholds Circular 2022] 
• Publish award-stage disclosures and validate for NOCOPO publication. [BPP Open 
Contracting Disclosure Guideline 2019] 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
33. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
34. Perform **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
deficiency notice and pause SLA clock. 
35. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
36. Conduct substantive review using standardized checklists and decision rules; document 
findings and evidence. 
37. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock.


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37. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock. 
38. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
39. Quality assurance (peer review / supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorization. 
40. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
1 working 
day 
Internal target (no 
explicit statutory


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MDA (configurabl
e internal 
target) 
time) 
Completeness 
screening 
Any stage 
request 
Complete/Incomplet
e status + deficiency 
list 
2 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Advisory response 
/ interpretation 
note 
Need 
identificatio
n / market 
research / 
solicitation 
queries 
Written advisory 
response (non-
binding unless 
escalated) 
5 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’ 
substantive review 
(Band A) 
Standard, 
low 
complexity 
submissions 
above 
threshold 
Decision memo + 
clearance for 
certificate issuance 
10 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target; 
PPA requires 
certificate but not 
timeline for 
issuance [PPA 2007 
s.16] 
Prior-review / ‘No


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Internal target; 
PPA requires 
certificate but not 
timeline for 
issuance [PPA 2007 
s.16] 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’ 
substantive review 
(Band B) 
Medium 
complexity 
submissions 
above 
threshold 
Decision memo + 
clearance for 
certificate issuance 
15 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’ 
substantive review 
(Band C) 
High 
complexity 
submissions 
above 
threshold 
Decision memo + 
clearance for 
certificate issuance 
20 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Enhanced integrity 
review (Band D) 
High-
risk/red-flag 
cases 
Decision + 
enforcement/audit 
trigger where 
warranted 
25 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target; 
may require 
pauses for 
investigations


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25 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target; 
may require 
pauses for 
investigations 
Certificate 
issuance after 
clearance 
Where 
decision is to 
issue 
certificate 
Certificate of ‘No 
Objection’ / 
compliance 
certificate issued 
2 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
NOCOPO 
disclosure 
validation/approva
l 
Disclosure 
items 
uploaded by 
procuring 
entity 
Approve for 
publication / return 
for correction 
7 working 
days (extant 
guideline 
expectation) 
BPP Open 
Contracting 
Disclosure 
Guideline: MDAs 
should leave at 
least 7 full working 
days for BPP


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validation/approva
l [Guideline s.6(c)] 
Platform configuration – data fields and exception signals 
• Mandatory metadata: MDA, project title, procurement category, method, estimated value, 
threshold band, complexity band, risk flags, submission completeness score. 
• Stage-specific documents received (yes/no) + versioning; reviewer assignment; decision-
maker; timestamps for each workflow step. 
• Exception signals (examples): scope/need mismatch to appropriation; unusual price 
variance; weak competition; repeated cancellations; high variation orders; delayed 
disclosures; complaint volume. 
• Auto-generated outputs: SLA countdown; escalation alerts; dashboards (per MDA, per 
method, per reviewer, per risk flag).


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Contract Management 
Regulatory intent (BPP role) 
• Standard setting: define minimum documentation, templates, and quality gates for this 
stage. 
• Compliance information gathering: define what data/documents must be reported to 
BPP/NOCOPO and when. 
• Behaviour modification: define how BPP uses exceptions, audits, and transparency to 
improve compliance and deter abuse. 
Regulatory services and decision points 
• Set minimum contract administration standards (change control, variation approvals, 
performance securities monitoring). 
• Define exception events that require notification to BPP (major variations, extensions, 
terminations, integrity incidents). 
• Enable post review/audit focus in line with threshold guidance emphasizing greater


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• Enable post review/audit focus in line with threshold guidance emphasizing greater 
monitoring/post-review. [Thresholds Circular 2022] 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
41. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
42. Perform **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
deficiency notice and pause SLA clock. 
43. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
44. Conduct substantive review using standardized checklists and decision rules; document 
findings and evidence. 
45. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock.


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45. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock. 
46. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
47. Quality assurance (peer review / supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorization. 
48. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
1 working 
day 
Internal target (no 
explicit statutory


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MDA (configurabl
e internal 
target) 
time) 
Completeness 
screening 
Any stage 
request 
Complete/Incomplet
e status + deficiency 
list 
2 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Advisory response 
/ interpretation 
note 
Need 
identificatio
n / market 
research / 
solicitation 
queries 
Written advisory 
response (non-
binding unless 
escalated) 
5 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
NOCOPO 
disclosure 
validation/approva
l 
Disclosure 
items 
uploaded by 
procuring 
entity 
Approve for 
publication / return 
for correction 
7 working 
days (extant 
guideline 
expectation) 
BPP Open 
Contracting 
Disclosure 
Guideline: MDAs 
should leave at 
least 7 full working 
days for BPP 
validation/approva
l [Guideline s.6(c)]


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Guideline: MDAs 
should leave at 
least 7 full working 
days for BPP 
validation/approva
l [Guideline s.6(c)] 
Platform configuration – data fields and exception signals 
• Mandatory metadata: MDA, project title, procurement category, method, estimated value, 
threshold band, complexity band, risk flags, submission completeness score. 
• Stage-specific documents received (yes/no) + versioning; reviewer assignment; decision-
maker; timestamps for each workflow step. 
• Exception signals (examples): scope/need mismatch to appropriation; unusual price 
variance; weak competition; repeated cancellations; high variation orders; delayed 
disclosures; complaint volume. 
• Auto-generated outputs: SLA countdown; escalation alerts; dashboards (per MDA, per 
method, per reviewer, per risk flag).


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Delivery & Payment 
Regulatory intent (BPP role) 
• Standard setting: define minimum documentation, templates, and quality gates for this 
stage. 
• Compliance information gathering: define what data/documents must be reported to 
BPP/NOCOPO and when. 
• Behaviour modification: define how BPP uses exceptions, audits, and transparency to 
improve compliance and deter abuse. 
Regulatory services and decision points 
• Set standards for acceptance, certification, and payment documentation; define minimum 
evidence for value-for-money checks. 
• Use disclosure and monitoring to detect ‘payment-before-delivery’, ghost deliveries, and 
excessive interim certificates. 
• Define reporting cadence for implementation and payments disclosure (e.g., quarterly in


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• Define reporting cadence for implementation and payments disclosure (e.g., quarterly in 
disclosure guideline). [BPP Open Contracting Disclosure Guideline 2019] 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
49. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
50. Perform **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
deficiency notice and pause SLA clock. 
51. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
52. Conduct substantive review using standardized checklists and decision rules; document 
findings and evidence. 
53. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock.


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53. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock. 
54. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
55. Quality assurance (peer review / supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorization. 
56. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
1 working 
day 
Internal target (no 
explicit statutory


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MDA (configurabl
e internal 
target) 
time) 
Completeness 
screening 
Any stage 
request 
Complete/Incomplet
e status + deficiency 
list 
2 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Advisory response 
/ interpretation 
note 
Need 
identificatio
n / market 
research / 
solicitation 
queries 
Written advisory 
response (non-
binding unless 
escalated) 
5 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
NOCOPO 
disclosure 
validation/approva
l 
Disclosure 
items 
uploaded by 
procuring 
entity 
Approve for 
publication / return 
for correction 
7 working 
days (extant 
guideline 
expectation) 
BPP Open 
Contracting 
Disclosure 
Guideline: MDAs 
should leave at 
least 7 full working 
days for BPP 
validation/approva
l [Guideline s.6(c)]


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Review & Disposal 
Regulatory intent (BPP role) 
• Standard setting: define minimum documentation, templates, and quality gates for this 
stage. 
• Compliance information gathering: define what data/documents must be reported to 
BPP/NOCOPO and when. 
• Behaviour modification: define how BPP uses exceptions, audits, and transparency to 
improve compliance and deter abuse. 
Regulatory services and decision points 
• Set guidelines for disposal of public property and reporting standards; monitor compliance. 
[PPA 2007 s.55(4)(a)-(c)] 
• Define minimum process for disposal approvals, valuation evidence, and 
transparency/publication requirements. 
• Use audits and enforcement pathways for disposal irregularities. 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps


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• Use audits and enforcement pathways for disposal irregularities. 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
57. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
58. Perform **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
deficiency notice and pause SLA clock. 
59. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
60. Conduct substantive review using standardized checklists and decision rules; document 
findings and evidence. 
61. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock. 
62. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance


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SLA clock. 
62. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
63. Quality assurance (peer review / supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorization. 
64. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
MDA 
1 working day 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
(no explicit 
statutory


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time) 
Completeness 
screening 
Any stage 
request 
Complete/Incomplete 
status + deficiency list 
2 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Advisory response 
/ interpretation 
note 
Need 
identification / 
market 
research / 
solicitation 
queries 
Written advisory 
response (non-
binding unless 
escalated) 
5 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Platform configuration – data fields and exception signals 
• Mandatory metadata: MDA, project title, procurement category, method, estimated value, 
threshold band, complexity band, risk flags, submission completeness score. 
• Stage-specific documents received (yes/no) + versioning; reviewer assignment; decision-
maker; timestamps for each workflow step.


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maker; timestamps for each workflow step. 
• Exception signals (examples): scope/need mismatch to appropriation; unusual price 
variance; weak competition; repeated cancellations; high variation orders; delayed 
disclosures; complaint volume. 
• Auto-generated outputs: SLA countdown; escalation alerts; dashboards (per MDA, per 
method, per reviewer, per risk flag).


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Cross-cutting governance of SLAs 
Clock rules (recommended) 
• SLA starts only when the submission is complete and acknowledged as complete. 
• One consolidated clarification request is preferred; multiple sequential queries should be 
treated as an internal process defect unless justified. 
• Where external reviews are required (e.g., technical expert opinion), the case is tagged 
‘external dependency’ and the pause reason is recorded. 
• All SLA breaches must generate an automated ‘exception report’ with root cause categories 
(capacity, incomplete submission, policy ambiguity, integrity risk, external dependency). 
Review and continuous improvement 
• Quarterly SLA performance review: by service type, by MDA, by complexity band, by 
reviewer/team.


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• Quarterly SLA performance review: by service type, by MDA, by complexity band, by 
reviewer/team. 
• Annual review of SLA targets and checklists to reflect policy changes, capacity changes, and 
risk trends. 
• Publish a subset of performance metrics (where appropriate) to strengthen behaviour 
modification via transparency (aligned with open contracting objectives). [BPP Open 
Contracting Disclosure Guideline 2019] 
Reference key (sources used for in-line references) 
• PPA 2007 = Public Procurement Act, 2007 (Nigeria), especially s.6, s.16, and s.54. Source: 
PLAC Laws of Nigeria PDF. [turn7view0] 
• Thresholds Circular 2022 = OSGF Circular approving revision of prior review & monetary 
thresholds (19 Jan 2022). Includes BPP prior review thresholds. [turn4view1; turn5view0]


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thresholds (19 Jan 2022). Includes BPP prior review thresholds. [turn4view1; turn5view0] 
• BPP Open Contracting Disclosure Guideline 2019 = Open Contracting Disclosure Guideline 
(BPP). Includes disclosure timelines and requirement for MDAs to leave at least 7 working 
days for BPP validation/approval. [turn2view1] 
• NOCOPO portal = Nigeria Open Contracting Portal. [turn1search6]


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Annex A: SLA Configuration Table (Management Sign‑off) 
Purpose: 
• Provide a single, authoritative table of BPP internal service standards that can be loaded 
into the Oversight Platform as configurable parameters. 
• Enable version control (effective date, review cycle) and clear accountability for maintaining 
SLA settings. 
• Separate **legal/statutory timelines** from **internal target SLAs** (configurable). 
A1. SLA parameter set (default targets) 
Note: Where law prescribes a timeline, it is marked as LEGAL and should not be changed in 
configuration except to reflect amendments. 
SLA
_ID 
Service / 
Request 
type 
Compl
exity 
band 
SLA_START
_EVENT 
SLA_STOP_E
VENT 
Targe
t 
(wor
king 
days) 
Escala
tion 1 
Escala
tion 2 
Basis 
ACK
-01 
Acknowledg
ement of 
receipt


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SLA_STOP_E
VENT 
Targe
t 
(wor
king 
days) 
Escala
tion 1 
Escala
tion 2 
Basis 
ACK
-01 
Acknowledg
ement of 
receipt 
All Complete 
submission 
received 
Acknowledge
ment sent 
1 70% 90% Internal 
target 
CO
MP-
01 
Completene
ss screening 
All Submission 
received 
Complete/Inc
omplete 
notice issued 
2 70% 90% Internal 
target 
ADV
-01 
Advisory / 
interpretati
on response 
A–C Complete 
query 
received 
Written 
advisory 
issued 
5 70% 90% Internal 
target 
NO
C-
PR-
A 
Prior review 
(‘No 
Objection’) 
– 
substantive 
review 
A Complete 
prior-
review 
package 
received 
Decision 
memo 
cleared 
10 70% 90% Internal 
target 
(PPA 
require
s 
certifica
te; 
timelin
e not 
specifie
d) 
NO
C-
PR-
B 
Prior review 
(‘No 
Objection’) 
– 
substantive 
review 
B Complete 
prior-
review


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e not 
specifie
d) 
NO
C-
PR-
B 
Prior review 
(‘No 
Objection’) 
– 
substantive 
review 
B Complete 
prior-
review 
package 
received 
Decision 
memo 
cleared 
15 70% 90% Internal 
target 
NO
C-
Prior review 
(‘No 
C Complete 
prior-
Decision 
memo 
20 70% 90% Internal 
target


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PR-
C 
Objection’) 
– 
substantive 
review 
review 
package 
received 
cleared 
NO
C-
PR-
D 
Enhanced 
integrity / 
red-flag 
review (may 
trigger 
audit/enfor
cement) 
D Complete 
prior-
review 
package 
received 
Decision 
issued / 
action 
directed 
25 70% 90% Internal 
target 
(pause 
if 
investig
ation 
depend
ency) 
NO
C-
ISS-
01 
Certificate 
issuance 
after 
clearance 
All Decision 
memo 
cleared 
Certificate 
issued 
2 70% 90% Internal 
target 
OCD
-
VAL
-01 
NOCOPO 
disclosure 
validation/a
pproval 
All Disclosure 
package 
submitted 
(complete) 
Approved for 
publication / 
returned 
7 70% 90% Extant 
guidelin
e 
expecta
tion 
(leave 
≥7 full 
working 
days) 
AR-
DEC
-01 
Administrati
ve review 
decision 
(bidder 
complaint 
at BPP) 
All Complete 
appeal 
received 
Decision


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AR-
DEC
-01 
Administrati
ve review 
decision 
(bidder 
complaint 
at BPP) 
All Complete 
appeal 
received 
Decision 
issued 
21 70% 90% LEGAL: 
PPA 
2007 
s.54(6) 
A2. SLA governance metadata (to be stored with the configuration) 
Field Description Recommended value / rule 
SLA_VERSION Version label for the 
parameter set 
e.g., v1.0; increment on any 
target change 
EFFECTIVE_DATE Date SLA settings become 
active 
2026-02-03 (set by 
management) 
REVIEW_CYCLE How often SLA targets are 
reviewed 
Quarterly performance 
review; annual target refresh 
SLA_OWNER Accountable unit for 
maintaining parameters 
BPP Policy & Standards / 
Quality Assurance (or 
designated directorate) 
CLOCK_PAUSE_EVENTS Events that pause SLA clock Clarification requested; 
Awaiting MDA response;


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CLOCK_PAUSE_EVENTS Events that pause SLA clock Clarification requested; 
Awaiting MDA response; 
External expert review; Legal 
review; Investigation


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dependency 
CLOCK_RESUME_EVENT Event that resumes SLA clock All requested clarifications 
received and accepted as 
complete 
BREACH_HANDLING What happens on SLA breach Auto exception report + root 
cause code + escalation + 
management dashboard 
A3. Root cause codes (for SLA exceptions and behaviour modification) 
• RC-01 Incomplete submission (missing approvals/documents) 
• RC-02 Policy ambiguity (requires standards clarification) 
• RC-03 External dependency (technical/legal expert review) 
• RC-04 Integrity red flag (enhanced scrutiny/investigation) 
• RC-05 Capacity / workload constraint (internal) 
• RC-06 Platform/data defect (workflow/metadata issue) 
• RC-07 Litigation hold / dispute sensitivity


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8. Review & Disposal 
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) & Service Levels (SLAs) 
Version 1.0 | Dated 03 February 2026 
 
Purpose 
• Define how MDAs conduct post-procurement reviews, handle complaints/appeals, preserve records, 
and dispose of public property transparently and competitively. 
• Support BPP’s compliance information gathering and behaviour modification through clear, enforceable 
standards. 
Scope 
• Covers: administrative review (complaints), audits, post-review sampling, lessons learned, and disposal 
of public property. 
• Applies to all procuring/disposal entities under PPA 2007. 
Roles & Responsibilities (minimum) 
• Accounting Officer: receives initial complaints and issues decisions; authorises valuation for disposal 
(PPA 2007 s.54(2); s.56(1)).


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(PPA 2007 s.54(2); s.56(1)). 
• BPP: conducts administrative review/appeals and may suspend proceedings; issues decisions within 
statutory timeline (PPA 2007 s.54(4)-(6)); sets disposal guidelines (PPA 2007 s.55(4)). 
• Internal Audit / M&E: conducts compliance and performance reviews; supports corrective actions (best 
practice). 
• Procurement Unit: maintains records; supports audits; coordinates disposal process documentation 
(PPA 2007 s.38; s.56(4)). 
• Tenders Board: shares disposal responsibilities with the procurement unit (PPA 2007 s.56(4)). 
• Independent Evaluator/Valuer: prepares valuation report before disposal (PPA 2007 s.56(1)). 
Procedure (What to do, when, why, and how) 
1. Maintain complete procurement and contract records and ensure accessibility for audits and


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1. Maintain complete procurement and contract records and ensure accessibility for audits and 
administrative reviews (PPA 2007 s.38; Goods & Works Regs 2007 para 16). 
2. Operate a complaints intake process: bidder submits written complaint to Accounting Officer first (PPA 
2007 s.54(2); Regs 2007 para 18). 
3. Accounting Officer reviews and issues written decision with reasons/corrective action within statutory 
timeline (PPA 2007 s.54(2)(b)). 
4. If bidder appeals, accept and track appeal to BPP within statutory time; BPP may suspend further action 
pending resolution (PPA 2007 s.54(3)-(4)). 
5. BPP issues written decision within 21 working days; if dissatisfied, bidder may appeal to Federal High 
Court within 30 days (PPA 2007 s.54(6)-(7); Regs 2007 para 20).


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Court within 30 days (PPA 2007 s.54(6)-(7); Regs 2007 para 20). 
6. Conduct periodic post-procurement reviews: compliance, value-for-money, supplier performance, and 
integrity incidents; capture lessons learned to improve future solicitations (OECD learning principle; World 
Bank performance feedback). 
7. For disposal: confirm asset is slated for disposal; authorize an independent valuation report (PPA 2007 
s.56(1)).


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8. Plan disposal and integrate into budget projections; time disposal for best returns (PPA 2007 s.56(2)-(3)). 
9. Use open competitive bidding as the primary method for receiving offers for disposal of public property 
(PPA 2007 s.55(3)). 
10. Ensure staff involved do not buy/benefit from disposed assets for three years after disposal (PPA 2007 
s.57(13)). 
11. Document disposal method (auction/sale/lease/transfer etc.), approvals, bids/offers, evaluation, and 
proceeds remittance; archive all evidence. 
Required Records / Evidence 
• Full procurement and contract file; audit trail of key decisions (PPA 2007 s.38). 
• Complaints register (dates, decisions, remedies). 
• BPP decisions and suspension notices (if any). 
• Post-review/audit reports and corrective action plans.


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• BPP decisions and suspension notices (if any). 
• Post-review/audit reports and corrective action plans. 
• Disposal plan, valuation report, bidding/auction records, proceeds remittance evidence. 
Key Controls (Integrity, Value-for-Money, Compliance) 
• Statutory timeline control for complaints/appeals (PPA 2007 s.54; Regs 2007 paras 17-20). 
• Record retention control: keep records for ≥10 years (Regs 2007 para 16). 
• Disposal integrity control: independent valuation; open competitive bidding as default (PPA 2007 
s.55(3); s.56(1)). 
• Conflict-of-interest control: enforce 3-year restriction on buying disposed assets (PPA 2007 s.57(13)). 
Service Levels (SLAs) & Statutory Timelines 
Process point SLA / timeline Source Notes / evidence 
Bidder complaint to 
Accounting Officer


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Process point SLA / timeline Source Notes / evidence 
Bidder complaint to 
Accounting Officer 
≤15 working days 
after awareness 
PPA 2007 
s.54(2)(a); Regs 
2007 para 17 
Track 'awareness date' 
AO decision on complaint ≤15 working days PPA 2007 
s.54(2)(b); Regs 
2007 para 18 
Written reasons required 
Appeal to BPP ≤10 working days 
after AO decision 
PPA 2007 s.54(3); 
Regs 2007 para 
19 
Attach AO decision 
BPP decision ≤21 working days PPA 2007 s.54(6); 
Regs 2007 para 
19 
BPP may suspend 
proceedings 
Appeal to Federal High Court ≤30 days PPA 2007 s.54(7); 
Regs 2007 para 
20 
Record litigation status 
Record retention ≥10 years Regs 2007 para 
16 
Applies to procurement & 
disposal files 
Minimum Compliance Data Points for an Exceptions-Reporting Platform


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Applies to procurement & 
disposal files 
Minimum Compliance Data Points for an Exceptions-Reporting Platform 
• Complaint/appeal tracker with statutory clock (15/15/10/21/30 working days). 
• Automatic suspension flag when complaint escalates to BPP (PPA 2007 s.54(4)(a)). 
• Record retention clock and archive status. 
• Disposal: valuation report uploaded; disposal method; offer/bid records; proceeds remittance 
evidence.


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• Conflict-of-interest attestations for disposal team (PPA 2007 s.57(13)). 
References (in-line citations appear in brackets) 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement Act, 2007 (PPA 2007). 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement (Goods and Works) Regulations, 2007. 
• UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Procurement (2011) and Guide to Enactment. 
• World Bank Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers (7th ed., Sep 2025) and associated guidance on 
PPSD and Contract Management. 
• OECD Recommendation on Public Procurement (2015) and implementation guidance (2025).


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1. Need Identification 
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) & Service Levels (SLAs) 
Version 1.0 | Dated 03 February 2026 
 
Purpose 
• Standardise how Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) define procurement needs to ensure 
legality, value for money, and alignment with budgets and service delivery. 
• Create a clear audit trail from the problem statement to the specification/requirements to the 
procurement plan to the solicitation. 
Scope 
• Applies to all procurement of goods, works and services by Federal MDAs subject to PPA 2007. 
• Covers: problem definition, needs assessment, options analysis (make/buy/lease), and approval into 
the annual procurement plan. 
Roles & Responsibilities (minimum)


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the annual procurement plan. 
Roles & Responsibilities (minimum) 
• User Department: defines business need, outcomes, and acceptance criteria; confirms budget line 
availability. 
• Procurement Planning Committee (PPC): conducts needs assessment and evaluation; identifies 
goods/works/services required; performs cost implication analysis; aggregates requirements; integrates 
into yearly budget (PPA 2007 s.18; s.21). 
• Accounting Officer: overall responsibility and personal accountability for compliance; ensures adequate 
appropriation; prevents bid-splitting; constitutes evaluation committee (PPA 2007 s.20). 
• Procurement Unit: provides technical procurement advice; maintains records; prepares draft 
procurement plan and timelines (Good practice; consistent with PPA 2007 s.19 & s.38).


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procurement plan and timelines (Good practice; consistent with PPA 2007 s.19 & s.38). 
• Tenders Board: provides approvals within applicable thresholds (PPA 2007 s.22). 
• BPP: sets standards and may review procurements above prior-review thresholds; may require 
evidence for review (PPA 2007 s.5–6; Goods & Works Regs 2007 on BPP review). 
Procedure (What to do, when, why, and how) 
1. Open a 'Need Identification File' and assign a unique reference ID (good practice; supports PPA 2007 
record-keeping duties in s.38). 
2. Define the problem and intended outcomes (service level, beneficiaries, location, timeframe). Document 
why procurement is necessary versus internal provision (best practice: value-for-money and options 
analysis).


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why procurement is necessary versus internal provision (best practice: value-for-money and options 
analysis). 
3. Conduct a structured needs assessment: quantify demand, define functional requirements, and identify 
risks (PPA 2007 s.18(a)-(c)). 
4. Confirm budget availability and procurement permissibility: verify appropriation, budget line, and that 
the requirement is not a split procurement designed to evade thresholds (PPA 2007 s.20(c) & s.20(e)). 
5. Identify procurement category and strategy: goods/works/services; consider aggregation across 
departments to achieve economies of scale (PPA 2007 s.18(d)).


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6. Draft a high-level specification/terms of reference emphasising objective, functional and non-
discriminatory requirements (UNCITRAL Model Law 2011 principles; also supports open competition under 
PPA 2007 s.16 & s.24). 
7. Estimate cost and affordability: use market soundings and historical prices to produce a cost implication 
analysis and a realistic cost estimate (PPA 2007 s.18(c)). 
8. Determine preliminary procurement method and timeline consistent with statutory minimum timelines 
(e.g., 6-week bid advertising window for open competitive bidding) (PPA 2007 s.25(2); Goods & Works Regs 
2007 reg.49). 
9. Submit need package to the PPC for review and inclusion in the Annual Procurement Plan; obtain 
Accounting Officer approval (PPA 2007 s.18(g); s.19).


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Accounting Officer approval (PPA 2007 s.18(g); s.19). 
10. Publish/communicate the approved procurement plan internally; keep a change log for revisions (best 
practice; aligns with transparency and auditability). 
Required Records / Evidence 
• Need Identification Form (problem statement, outcomes, beneficiaries). 
• Needs Assessment Report (demand estimates, risks, options considered). 
• Preliminary specification / TOR (functional requirements). 
• Cost estimate and methodology (sources, assumptions). 
• Budget confirmation (appropriation/budget line evidence). 
• Annual Procurement Plan entry and approvals (PPC minutes; Accounting Officer sign-off). 
Key Controls (Integrity, Value-for-Money, Compliance)


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Key Controls (Integrity, Value-for-Money, Compliance) 
• Segregation of duties: the user department defines the need; the procurement unit advises; the PPC 
validates; the tenders board approves within thresholds. 
• Anti-splitting control: check related requisitions and prior procurements to prevent evasion of 
thresholds (PPA 2007 s.20(e)). 
• Conflict-of-interest declaration for all staff involved (PPA 2007 s.57; OECD integrity principle). 
• Documented options analysis to justify procurement approach (World Bank PPSD concept; UNCITRAL 
value-for-money objective). 
Service Levels (SLAs) & Statutory Timelines 
Process point SLA / timeline Source Notes / evidence 
Establish PPC each financial 
year 
At start of each FY PPA 2007 s.21(1) PPC 
membership/appointment 
memo


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Establish PPC each financial 
year 
At start of each FY PPA 2007 s.21(1) PPC 
membership/appointment 
memo 
Record keeping for 
procurement file 
Create at need stage; 
retain 
PPA 2007 s.38; 
Goods & Works 
Regs 2007 para 
16 
Retention ≥10 years (Regs 
2007 para 16) 
Statutory bid advertising 
window (to plan backwards) 
≥6 weeks before bid 
deadline 
PPA 2007 s.25(2); 
Regs 2007 
reg.49-52 
Affects scheduling even at 
need stage 
Minimum Compliance Data Points for an Exceptions-Reporting Platform 
• Need ID, MDA, user department, budget line, and approval dates. 
• Procurement category and method (draft) + planned milestones. 
• Aggregation decision (yes/no) and rationale (PPA 2007 s.18(d)). 
• Estimated cost and basis (quotes/historical/indices).


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3 
• Conflict-of-interest declarations logged (PPA 2007 s.57). 
References (in-line citations appear in brackets) 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement Act, 2007 (PPA 2007). 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement (Goods and Works) Regulations, 2007. 
• UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Procurement (2011) and Guide to Enactment. 
• World Bank Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers (7th ed., Sep 2025) and associated guidance on 
PPSD and Contract Management. 
• OECD Recommendation on Public Procurement (2015) and implementation guidance (2025).


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act, 
2007 
 
A Simplified Version  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Produced by  
 
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT CENTRE  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With Support from PACT Nigeria ADVANCE Program


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 2 
A. Introduction 
 
A1 Purpose of the Simplified Version of the Public Procurement Act 
1. To present the provisions of the Act in a plain language for easy 
understanding 
2. To serve as a tools for enlightenment of citizens on the provisions of the 
Act. 
3. To serve as a quick reference guide to stakeholders in public procurement. 
 
A2 Procurement and Governance 
 
Public procurement is essential in the process of delivering public goods and services. 
Most government works and services are implemented through the process of 
procurement. Good and accountable governance therefore thrives when th e public 
procurement processes are governed by rules and effective institutions. To achieve


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procurement processes are governed by rules and effective institutions. To achieve 
this scenario, procurement laws are usually enacted and procurement oversight 
institutions established to regulate the practice of public procurement within 
governance and the participation of private sector actors such as contractors and 
consultants. 
 
A3 Procurement and socio-economic development 
The importance of public procurement is underscored by the fact that it is the means 
through which governments implement policies and programmes. In other words, 
procurement of public works, goods and services transforms government‟s 
programmes, policies, strategies and frameworks into concrete actions. 
 
Socio-economic development which is one of the very important ends of g overnment


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Socio-economic development which is one of the very important ends of g overnment 
is met when government reduces national plans, policies and strategies into 
appropriations in the public budgets. These appropriations in turn are implemented 
through the process of procurements whereby government through its institutions and 
agencies procures the services of contractors, suppliers and consultants to provide 
works, goods and services as envisaged in the appropriations. 
 
In this connection, public procurements play important roles in determining the extent 
to which government‟s soc ial and economic targets will be attained. The business of 
government is conducted through policies, plans and framework with the aimed of


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government is conducted through policies, plans and framework with the aimed of 
achieving socio -economic development. Policies include those on various sectors 
such as education and health, whilst frameworks include development targets such as 
the millennium development goals. All these are dependent on effective procurement 
systems to achieve their short, medium and long term goals. 
 
A4 Why the Public Procurement Act? 
Prior to return of democratic rule in 1999, rules governing public procurement were 
limited and mostly confined to administrative regulations and practices. Lack of 
uniformity and effective regulations and coordination of public procurement led to 
mismanagement of public funds, poor de velopment planning and ineffective delivery


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mismanagement of public funds, poor de velopment planning and ineffective delivery 
of public services. (See the table below)


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 3 
 Manifestation Impact 
Limited 
Competition  
(i). Secrecy in sharing procurement information with 
limited  or no advertising 
(ii). Lack of transparency 
(iii). Limited and ineffective public bidding 
(iv). Unclear evaluation and award criteria 
(v). Wrongful exclusion of qualified bidders 
(vi). Political interference and control in contract 
awards was predominant. 
(vii). Selective Tendering, Sole Source Contracting, 
contract price negotiations, were dominant 
practices rather than exceptions. 
(i). Absence of any form of 
participation of non -state actors 
in the procurement process. 
(ii). Hijack of the implementation of 
the public procurement by a few. 
(iii). Erosion of standards leading to 
poor implementation of


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the public procurement by a few. 
(iii). Erosion of standards leading to 
poor implementation of 
procurements and outputs. 
Absence of 
value for 
money 
 
(i). Absence of procurement planning. 
(ii). Limited or no prioritization  
(iii). Limited mandates given to tender boards 
(iv). Excessive advance payments 
(v). Delay in execution and cost over-runs 
(vi). Delay, uncertainty and some times non payment 
for jobs done. 
(vii). Inflation of prizes and costs. 
(i). Non-implementation of projects 
leading to stagnated development. 
(ii). Widespread public sector and 
corporate corruption stemming 
from a skewed procurement 
process. 
 
Limited 
Regulation of 
Procurement 
Procedures  
(i). Absence of inde pendent supervision and 
verification of compliance


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Regulation of 
Procurement 
Procedures  
(i). Absence of inde pendent supervision and 
verification of compliance  
(ii). Absence of data base of standard prizes 
(iii). Absence of transparent periodic reviews and 
evaluation. 
(iv). Lack of access to information by citizens and 
other non state actors and groups.  
(i). Increased corruption as a result of 
failed oversight and management 
of the procurement process. 
(ii). Lack of inter and intra agency 
coordination in public 
procurement. 
(iii). Lack of standards and uniformed 
practices.  
 
 
As part of its quest for effective governance and economic development, the Federal 
Government of Nigeria embarked upon far reaching institutional, legal and regulatory


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Government of Nigeria embarked upon far reaching institutional, legal and regulatory 
reforms between 2003 and 2007. In relation to the field of public procurement, the 
reforms seek to achieve legal and regulatory reforms as well as the harmonis ation of 
standards and practices and to achieve transparency, competitiveness and value for 
money in public procurements.1 
 
A5 Major strands of the Public Procurement Act 
 
1. Regulation of procurement: Institutional regulation through the Bureau for 
Public Procurement (BPP) established under the Act.2  
2. Standards: The establishment of common standards in procurement planning, 
methods, execution, enforcement and review. 
3. Access to information and participation: The Act allows for citizens to request


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3. Access to information and participation: The Act allows for citizens to request 
for documents relating to procurement process as well as participate as 
observers in the proceedings. 
4. Fighting corruption: The Act makes provisions that will not only set standards but 
will also identify and punish corrupt practices and unethical activities related to 
public procurement proceeding. 
 
                                                 
1 Section 4 of the Public Procurement Act 2007  
2 Section 3(1)


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 4 
 
1. PART I - ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL COUNCIL ON 
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT 
 
1.1 National Council on Public Procurement  
 
1.1.1 What is National Council on Public Procurement?  
The National Council on Public Procurement is the governing body on  issues relating 
to public procurement in Nigeria. It is a high level organ with approval powers on 
issues relating to the administration and management of public procurement under the 
Public Procurement Act of 2007. 
 
1.1.2 Members of the National Council on Public Procurement 
 
The following are members of the National Council on Public Procurement (the 
Council) who are to be appointed by the President: 
a. The Minister of Finance as Chairman


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Council) who are to be appointed by the President: 
a. The Minister of Finance as Chairman 
b. The Attorney-General of the Federation and Minister of Justice  
c. The Secretary to the Government of the Federation 
d. The Head of Service of the Federation 
e. The Economic Adviser to the President 
f. Six part-time members to represent; 
i. Nigeria Institute of Purchasing and Supply Management 
ii. Nigeria Bar Association 
iii. Nigeria Association of Cham bers of Commerce, Industry, 
Mines and Agriculture 
iv. Nigeria Society of Engineers 
v. Civil Society 
vi. The Media 
vii. The Director-General of the Bureau who shall be the Secretary 
of the Council. 
 
1.1.3 Functions of the Council: 
 
The Council shall perform the following functions:


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of the Council. 
 
1.1.3 Functions of the Council: 
 
The Council shall perform the following functions: 
a. Consider, approve and amend the monetary and prior review thresholds 
for the application of the provisions of this Act by procuring entities. 
b. Consider and approve policies on public procurement. 
c. Approve the appointment of the Directors of the Bureau. 
d. Receive and consider, for approval, the audited accounts of the Bu reau 
of Public Procurement. 
e. Approve changes in the procurement process to adapt to im provements 
in modern technology. 
f. Give such other directives and perform such other functions as may be 
necessary to achieve the objectives of this Act. 
 
Notes: 
1. Members of the Council who hold public office shall cease to be members at


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Notes: 
1. Members of the Council who hold public office shall cease to be members at 
the expiration of their tenure or appointment in that other public office


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 5 
2. The Council can invite or co -opt other persons to att end its meeting but such 
person shall not have casting vote. 
3. Council only has approval powers. Formulation of policies is done by the 
Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP) 
4. The BPP serves as the secretariat of the Council. 
5. In principle, the Council ought to have limited oversight on BPP. 
 
2 PART II - ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BUREAU OF 
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT 
 
2.1 Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP) 
 
2.1.1 What is BPP?   
 
BPP is the Bureau of Public Procurement (also known as the Bureau) which is the 
agency charged with the implement ation of the Public Procurement Act and the 
regulation of every aspects of public procurement involving the federal government


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regulation of every aspects of public procurement involving the federal government 
and its agencies , as well as all projects involving other bodies where not less than 
35% of project costs is proposed to come from the Federal Budget. 
 
2.1.2 Features of BPP: 
a. BPP is set up as a body corporate (legal entity) with perpetual succession 
and a common seal 
b. As a legal entity, it may sue and be sued in its corporate name; and 
c. It can acquire, hold or dispose of any property, movab le or immovable for 
the purpose of carrying out any of its functions under this Act. 
 
2.1.3 The objectives of BPP are: 
a. The harmonization of existing government policies and practices 
on public procurement and ensuring probity, accountability and 
transparency in the procurement process.


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on public procurement and ensuring probity, accountability and 
transparency in the procurement process. 
b. The establishment of pricing standards and benchmarks. 
c. Ensuring the application of fair, competitive, transparent, value for 
money standards and practices for the procurement and disposal of 
public assets and services. 
d. The attainme nt of transparency, competitiveness, cost 
effectiveness. 
e. Professionalism in the public sector procurement system. 
 
2.1.4 Functions of the BPP:3 
The functions given to the BPP in the A ct can be divided into the following f ive 
categories: 
 
1. Public Procurement Policy Formulation, Management and Oversight 
(a) Formulate the general policies and guidelines relating to public sector 
procurement for the approval of the Council.


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procurement for the approval of the Council. 
(b) Periodically review the socio -economic effect of the policies on 
procurement and advise the Council accordingly. 
                                                 
3 Section 5


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 6 
(c) Supervise the implementation of established procurement policies. 
(d) Monitor the prices of tendered items and keep a national database of 
standard prices. 
(e) Subject to thresholds as may be set by the Council, certify Federal 
procurement prior to the award of contract. 
(f) Review the procurement and award of contract procedures of every 
entity to which this Act applies. 
 
2. Research and Publication 
(a) Publicize and explain the provisions of this Act4  
(b) Publish the details of major contracts in the procurement journal. 
(c) Publish paper and electronic editions of the procurement journal and 
maintain an archival system for the procurement journal. 
(d) Undertake procurement research and surveys.


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maintain an archival system for the procurement journal. 
(d) Undertake procurement research and surveys. 
(e) Periodically review socio -economic effects of policies on public 
procurement and advice the council. 
 
3. Establishment and Enforcement of Public Procurement Standards 
(a) Prevent fraudulent and unfair procurement and where necessary apply  
administrative sanctions. 
(b) Prepare and update standard bidding and contract documents. 
(c) Perform procure ment audits and submit such report to the National 
Assembly bi-annually. 
 
4. Information management and dissemination 
(a) Maintain a national  database of the particulars,  classification and 
categorization of federal contractors and service providers.


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categorization of federal contractors and service providers. 
(b) Collate and maintain in an archival system, all federal procurement plans 
and information. 
(c) Introduce, develop, update and maintain related database and 
technology. 
(d) Establish a single internet portal that shall  serve as a primary and 
definitive source of all informatio n on government procurement 
containing and displaying all public sector procurement information at 
all times. 
 
5. Capacity Building 
(a) Organize training and development programmes  for procurement 
professionals. 
(b) Co-ordinate relevant training programs to build institutional capacity. 
 
2.1.5 Powers of the BPP:5 
  
1. Implementation and enforcement of the Provisions of the Act


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2.1.5 Powers of the BPP:5 
  
1. Implementation and enforcement of the Provisions of the Act 
(a) enforce the monetary and prior review thresholds set by the Council 
for the  application of the provisions of this  Act by the procuring 
entities  
                                                 
4 Section 5(b) 
5 Section 6


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 7 
(b) Grant o r refuse the granting of “Certificate of No Objection ” for a 
procurement activity falling above the set threshold approved by the 
Council.  
(c) From time to time stipulate to all procuring entities the procedures and  
documentation pre - requisite for the issuan ce of Certificate of  'No 
Objection' under this Act. 
(d) Prevent Fraudulent and unfair procurement and apply administrative 
sanctions including debarring any supplier, contractor or service 
provider that contravenes any provision of this Act and regulat ions 
made pursuant to this Act.  
(e) Nullify the whole or any part of any procurement proceeding or award 
which is in contravention of this Act 
 
2. Power of inspection and review:


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which is in contravention of this Act 
 
2. Power of inspection and review: 
(a) Cause to be inspected or reviewed any pr ocurement transaction to 
ensure compliance with the provisions of this Act. 
(b) Review and determine whether any procuring entity has violated  any 
provision of this Act. 
(c) Call for such information, documents, records and reports in respect of 
any aspect of any procurement proceeding where a breach, 
wrongdoing, default, mismanagement and or collusion has been 
alleged, reported or proved against a procur ing entity or service 
provider. 
(d) Call for the production of books of accounts, plans, documents, and 
examine persons or parties in connection w ith any procurement 
proceeding. 
 
3. Information management


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examine persons or parties in connection w ith any procurement 
proceeding. 
 
3. Information management 
(a) Maintain a national database of federal contractors and service 
providers and to the  exclusion of all procuring entities prescribe 
classifications and categorizations for the companies on the register. 
(b) Maintain a list of firms and persons that have been debarred from 
participating in  public procurement activity and publish them  in the 
procurement journal. 
(c) Request for and obtain from any procurement entity , information 
including reports, memoranda and audited accounts, and other 
information relevant to its functions under this Act.6 
 
4. Making recommendations to the Council 
Where there have been “persistent or serious breaches of the A ct or regulations or


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Where there have been “persistent or serious breaches of the A ct or regulations or 
guidelines” made under it, the BPP shall recommend the following measures  to the 
Council: 
(a) The suspension of officers concerned with the procurement or disposal 
proceeding in issue. 
(b) The replacement of the head or any of the members of the procuring or  
disposal unit of any entity or the Chairperson of the  Tenders Board as 
the case may be. 
(c) The discipline of the Accounting Officer of any procuring entity. 
                                                 
6 Section 6(3)(b)


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 8 
(d) The temporary transfer of the procuring and disposal function of a 
procuring and disposing entity to a third party procu rement agency or 
consultant. 
(e) Any other sanction that the Bureau may consider as appropriate. 
 
5. Power to receive and address complaints under the PPA: In this regard, the 
Bureau may: 
(a) Give notice of the compl aint to related procuring or disposing entities 
and all interested parties  (bidders) taking account of their 
representations before taking a decision. 
(b) Declare rules or principles governing the action, confirm or reverse the 
decision of the procuring entity or  
(c) Nullify the whole or any part of any procurement proceeding or award 
which is in contravention of this Act.7


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(c) Nullify the whole or any part of any procurement proceeding or award 
which is in contravention of this Act.7 
 
6. Ancillary powers 
(a) Enter into contract or partnership with any company, firm or person 
which in its opinion will facilitate the discharge of its functions 
(b) Liaise with relevant bodies or institutions national and international  for 
effective performance of its functions under this Act.  
(c) Do such other things as are necessary for the efficient performance of 
its functions under this Act. 
 
2.2. Officers of BPP 
 
2.2.1 The Director-General:8 
(a) He/she is the Chief Executive and Accounting Officer of BPP and 
responsible for its day to day administration and execution of the policies 
(b) Must have a professional qualification of 15 years


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(b) Must have a professional qualification of 15 years 
(c) Shall hold office for 4 years and may be re-appointed for another term of 
4 years and no more. 
(d) May be removed from office by the President “on the basis of gross 
misconduct of financial impropriety, fraud, and manifested 
incompetence proven by the Council.”9 
 
2.2.2 Principal staff:10 
(a) Principal staff shall be appointed after a competitive selection process. 
(b) They shall have the requisite qualification and exp erience required for 
the effective performance of the functions of BPP and their respective 
Departments. 
 
2.2.3 Other staff:11 
(a) The Council may appoint such officers and other employees as may, 
from time to time, deem necessary for the purposes of the Bureau.


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from time to time, deem necessary for the purposes of the Bureau. 
                                                 
7 Section 6(1)(j) 
8 Section 7 
9 Section 7(4) 
10 Section 8 
11 Section 9


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 9 
(b) The Council shall also appoint “either on transfer or on secondment 
from any public service in the Federation, such number of employees” 
as may be needed for effective operations in BPP. 
(c) The Council shall determine the terms and conditions of service of 
officers and employees of BPP. 
(d) The provisions of the Pension Act shall apply  to all employees of the 
BPP.12 
 
2.2.4 The Council and staff operations and regulations: 
 
(a) The Council shall have power to modify the operational structure of 
the Bureau as may be necessar y to enhance the Bureau's duties and 
functions under this Act. 
(b) The Council has power to make staff regulations relating generally to


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functions under this Act. 
(b) The Council has power to make staff regulations relating generally to 
the conditions of service of the employees of (appointment, promotion, 
disciplinary control and appeals).13 
 
2.3 Financial provisions 
 
1. Funds of BPP: 14 The following shall be sources of revenues/funds for BPP: 
a. Annual budget appropriations 
b. Subventions, fees and charges 
c. Other assets which may from time to time accrue to BPP 
2. The Council shall make regulations governing the management a nd utilisation 
of this fund. 
3. The Bureau shall apply this fund  to administrative, maintenance , human 
resource and other costs. 
4. The Bureau shall observe the same financial as the federal government.15 
5. Reports to be submitted by the Bureau to the Council:


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5. Reports to be submitted by the Bureau to the Council: 
(a) Estimates of expenditure for the financial year  
(b) Annual reports of activities and audited accounts 
6. The Council shall keep proper accounts and audit same in accordance with the 
Auditor-General‟s guidelines 
 
2.4 Legal Proceedings16 
 
1. No suit or legal action shall be b rought against the Bureau unless a notice of 
30 days has been served and addressed to the Director-General. 
2. The Director-General and employees of the Bureau are not personally liable 
for any action taken in their official capacities and shall be reimbursed  for 
any loss arising from criminal or civil proceedings. 
 
3 PART III – SCOPE OF APPLICATION 
 
3.1 Scope of Application of the Act17


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3.1 Scope of Application of the Act17 
                                                 
12 Section 11 
13 Section 10 
14 Section 12 
15 Section 13(1) 
16 Section 14


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 10 
 
1. Procurement of goods works and services by the Federal government  
and its agencies or any procurement by any other entity or government 
in Nigeria of which at least 35% of the amount for funding the 
procurement will be sourced from the Federal Budget. 
2. Exception: The A ct will not apply where goods, works and services 
involve national defense or security except with the approval of the  
President. 
 
4 PART IV - FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES FOR 
PROCUREMENTS 
 
4.1 General Rules and Conditions for conducting Public Procurement: 
 
1. Compliance with laid down thresholds set from to time by the Bureau.18 
2. Procurement must be based only on procurement plans suppo rted by prior 
budgetary appropriations.


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2. Procurement must be based only on procurement plans suppo rted by prior 
budgetary appropriations. 
3. The procuring MDA must obtained a  certificate of  “No Objection' to 
Contract Award" from the Bureau if the value of procurement falls above 
the set threshold (limits). 
4. The procurement must be by open competitive biddi ng (subject to some 
exceptions). 
5. Promote transparency, timeliness and accountability  
6. Promote economic competitiveness, efficiency and value for money 
7. Adherence to the procedures and time-line laid down in this Act from time 
to time by the Bureau. 
 
4.2 General Qualification of Bidders  
 
4.2.1 Every bidder interested in a procurement contract or who has been offered a 
contract must possess the following necessary qualifications or meet these


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contract must possess the following necessary qualifications or meet these 
conditions:19 
(a) Professional and technical qualifications to carry out particula r 
procurements 
(b) Financial capability. 
(c) Adequate equipment and other relevant infrastructure to implement the 
contract. 
                                                                                                                                            
17 Section 15 
18 Thresholds are set under section 7(1) 
 Thresholds refer to limits in the amount of values of procurement which a procuring MDA 
through its accounting officer is allowe d approving authority. For example, it could be stated 
in the regulation that a  Permanent Secretary shall not approve any procurement above ten 
million naira.


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in the regulation that a  Permanent Secretary shall not approve any procurement above ten 
million naira.  
 Thresholds are usually set by the Bureau through regulations and wherever this is the case, 
every request for funds from the procuring entity must be “accompanied by a certificate of 
"No Objection" to an award of contract duly issued by the Bureau.” (section 16(2)) 
 Any award of contract falling above a given threshold which does not have a "Certifica te of 
„No Objection' to Contract Award" duly issued by the Bureau is null and void.  
 
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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 11 
(d) Adequate personnel to perform the obligations of the procurement 
contracts. 
(e) Legal capacity to enter into the procurement contract. 
(f) Not be in receivership or subject to any form of insolvency, bankruptcy or 
winding up petition or proceedings. 
(g) Have fulfilled all necessary taxes, pensions and social security obligations 
and contributions. 
(h) Must not been owned by or have in its board  or management a person 
convicted of fraud or financial impropriety relating to any matter. 
(i) Provide a verifying affidavit on the facts presented in the bid documents 
and affirming no business or pecuniary relationship with any member of 
the relevant committees of the procurement entity or Bureau.


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the relevant committees of the procurement entity or Bureau. 
(j) Provide other documents or information evidencing the bidder‟s 
qualification as may be requested by the procuring entity.20 
 
4.3 Definitions and liabilities relating to Bidders 
1. A supplier, contractor or service provider may be a natu ral person (any 
human being), a legal person (a legally recognised entity such as company 
or a business concern) or a combination of the two.  
2. Suppliers, contractors or service providers acting jointly are jointly and 
severally (separately) liable for all obligations and or responsibility arising 
from this Act and the non -performance or improper performance of any 
contract awarded pursuant to this Act. 
 
4.4 Grounds for disqualification or exclusion of bids


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contract awarded pursuant to this Act. 
 
4.4 Grounds for disqualification or exclusion of bids 
4.4.1 A bidder may have its bid or tender excluded from any p articular procurement 
proceeding if the Bureau is satisfied of any or a combination of the 
following:21 
(a) Evidence of monetary, gift or other form of inducement of employee of a 
procuring entity or the Bureau by a supplier, contractor or consultant “to 
influence any action, or decision making of any procurement activity.” 
(b) Failure to perform or to provide due care in performance of any public 
procurement within the past three years. 
(c) The bidder is in receivership or is the subject of an insolvency bankruptcy 
proceeding. 
(d) Non-payment of due taxes, charges, pensions, or social insurance


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proceeding. 
(d) Non-payment of due taxes, charges, pensions, or social insurance 
contributions, unless such bidders have obtained a lawful permits with 
respect to allowance. 
(e) The bidder or a member of its management has been validly sentence d for 
a crime committed  in connection with a procurement proceeding, or any 
other financial related crime 
(f) Failure to submit a statement regarding its dominating or subsidiary 
relationships with respect to other bidders and officials of the procuring 
entity in the same proceeding. 
 
4.4.2 Every exclusion or disqualification of bidders shall be communicated in 
writing to the Bureau  and the bidder, including the grounds for the exclusion


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20 The burden of proving facts and fulfilment of requirements presented in the bid docume nts rests on 
the contractor or supplier. Section 16(16) 
21 Section 16(8)


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 12 
and a record of same  kept in the file pertaining to the public procurement 
proceeding in question.22 
 
4.5 General rules of the procurement process 
 
4.5.1 Form and Language of communication:  
 
All communications and documents issued by procuring entities and the Bureau shall 
be in English language and shall be in writing or such other forms as the Bureau may 
stipulate.23 
4.5.2 Records of procurement activities 
(a) Procuring entities must keep electronic and file (hard copy) records of 
contracting for at least 10 years from the date of contract award. 
(b) Within 3 months of the end of each financial year, procuring entities shall 
transmit all procurement related records to BPP  showing the parties, date


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transmit all procurement related records to BPP  showing the parties, date 
and value of contract as well as other information relating to the 
procurement proceedings that BPP may request. 
(c) Procurement related activity records are open to public inspection, on 
payment of fees prescribed by BPP unless classified. 
 
4.5.3 No change of rules in the middle of the game: The criteria announced to 
contractors to govern any contracting activity or process cannot be changed 
midstream. 
4.5.4 Other rules of Public Procurements 
 
(a) Contracts will be awarded to bidders with the lowest quotes provided their 
bids are substantially responsive to the bid solicitations. 
(b) BPP retains the right, in appropriate circumstances of failed or inchoate


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(b) BPP retains the right, in appropriate circumstances of failed or inchoate 
contracting process, to cancel the process or require the  procuring entity to 
repeat it. 
(c) Accounting officers of procuring entities are generally responsible for 
ensuring legal and regulatory compliance in government contracting. 
(d) Conflicts of interest must be avoided: Persons who partook in organising 
or preparin g a particular procurement process or contracting transaction 
cannot participate in the bid process. 
(e) Procuring entities must not recommend contractors or sub -contractors to 
bidders. 
(f) The monetary value of procurement must be stated in naira or if in foreign  
currency, converted to naira “ using the exchange rate of the Central Bank


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currency, converted to naira “ using the exchange rate of the Central Bank 
of Nigeria valid on the day of opening a tender or bid.”24 
(g) Government contracts must contain arbitration clauses. 
(h) Government contracts must contain a contractor‟s warranty of durability of 
goods, exercise of requisite skills in providing services, and use of genuine 
materials and inputs. 
(i) Every decision on Procurement and disposal by a procuring entity shall be 
in compliance with the provisions of this Act and any regulations made by 
the Bureau. 
                                                 
22 Section 16(9) 
23 Section 16(10) - (11) 
24 Section 16(27)


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 13 
 
5 PART V – ORGANISATION OF PROCUREMENTS 
 
5.1 Approving Authority for Public Procurements 
 
APPROVING AUTHORITY FOR PUBLIC PROCUREMENTS 
Type of Government Institution Approving Authority 
A Government Agency, Parastatal, or 
Corporation 
A Parastatals Tenders Board 
A Ministry or Extra-Ministerial entity The Ministerial Tender Board. 
 
5.2 Procurement Planning and Implementation 
 
5.2.1 Process of procurement planning : Every procuring entity shall plan its 
procurement following these processes:25 
(a) Conduct assessment and evaluation  of the particular needs of the 
procuring entity. 
(b) Identification of goods, works or services required 
(c) Conducting market and statistical surveys and then prepare analysis of


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(c) Conducting market and statistical surveys and then prepare analysis of 
the cost implications of the proposed procurement 
(d) Aggregating its req uirement both within the procurement entity and 
between procuring entities, to obtain economy of scale and reduce 
procurement cost. 
(e) Integrating its procurement expenditure into its yearly budget. 
(f) Prescribing any procurement method to the necessary approval  under 
this Act. 
(g) Ensuring that the procurement entity functions stipulated in this Section 
shall be carried out by the Procurement Planning Committee 
 
5.2.2 Process for Implementation of Procurement : The following procedures shall 
be observed by a procuring entity in implementing its procurement plans:26


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be observed by a procuring entity in implementing its procurement plans:26 
 
(a) Advertise and solicit for bids in adherence to this Act and guidelines as 
may be issued by the Bureau.  
(b) Invite two credible persons representing a private sector organisation and 
a non -governmental organisation w orking in accountability and anti -
corruption as observers in every procurement process.27 
(c) Receive, evaluate and make a selection of the bids received in adherence 
to this Act and guidelines issued by the Bureau. 
(d) Obtain approval of the approving authority before making an award. 
(e) Debrief the bid losers on request. 
(f) Resolve complaints and disputes if any. 
(g) Obtain and confirm the validity of any performance guarantee.


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(f) Resolve complaints and disputes if any. 
(g) Obtain and confirm the validity of any performance guarantee. 
(h) Obtain a "Certificate of ' No Objection' to Contract Award" from the 
Bureau, if activity is within the approved threshold.  
(i) Execute all Contract Agreements 
                                                 
25 Section 18 
26 Section 19 
27 Section 19(b)


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 14 
(j) Announce and publicize the award in the format stipulated by this Act 
and guidelines issued by the Bureau. 
 
5.3 Accounting Officer 
5.3.1 Who is an Accounting Officer? 
The accounting officer of a procuring en tity shall be the person charged with line 
supervision of the conduct of all procurement processes.28 
 
Accounting Officer for Public Procurements 
Type of Government Institution Accounting Officer 
A Ministry Permanent Secretary 
Extra-ministerial departmen ts and 
corporations.29  
The Director -General or officer 
of co-ordinate responsibility.30 
 
5.3.2 Functions of the accounting officer  
 
1. General function: The Accounting Officer shall have overall responsibility


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1. General function: The Accounting Officer shall have overall responsibility 
for the planning, organization, evaluation of tenders and execution of all 
procurements.31 
 
2. Other functions: The Accounting Officer shall also perform the following 
functions:32 
(a) Ensure compliance with the provisions of this Act by his entity and is 
liable in person for its breach or contravention or those of an y 
regulation made under the Act.33 
(b) Constitute the Procurement Committee and its decisions. 
(c) Ensure that adequate provisions are made in the Federal budget to 
cover the procurement. 
(d) Ensure that no reduction of values or splitting of procurements is 
carried ou t such as to evade the use of the  appropriate procurement 
method.


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carried ou t such as to evade the use of the  appropriate procurement 
method. 
(e) Constitute the Tenders board in accordance with rules made by the 
Bureau. 
(f) Constitute the Evaluation Committee  
(g) Liaise with the Bureau to ensure the implementation of its regulations. 
 
5.4 Procurement Planning Committee 
Section 21 mandates every procuring entity to establish a Procurement Planning 
Committee in each financial year.  
 
 
                                                 
28 Section 20(1) 
29 This may include Commissions 
30 This may include Executive Secretaries 
31 Section 20(2) 
32 Same as above 
33 Note: The Accounting Officer is still liable whether or not the act or omission was carried out by


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33 Note: The Accounting Officer is still liable whether or not the act or omission was carried out by 
him personally or any of his subordinates and it is immaterial that he had delegated any function duty 
or power to any person or group of persons;


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 15 
MEMBERS OF THE PROCUREMENT PLANNING COMMITTEE 
Chair Other members 
The Accounting 
Officer of the 
procuring entity 
or his 
representative 
A representative of the following units in the procuring entity: 
a. The procurement unit of the procuring entity who shall be the 
Secretary. 
b. The particular unit in need of the procurement. 
c. The financial unit. 
d. The planning, research and statistics unit. 
e. Technical personnel of the procuring entity with expertise in the 
subject Matter for each particular procurement. 
f. The legal unit. 
 
5.5 Establishment of the Tenders Board 
 
5.5.1 The Tenders Board created under the Act shall be responsible for the awa rd of


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5.5.1 The Tenders Board created under the Act shall be responsible for the awa rd of 
procurements goods, works and services .34 The Bureau shall prescribe 
guidelines for membership of the Tenders Boards. 
5.5.2 In all cases of pre -qualifications, the Chairman of the Tenders Board shall 
constitute a technical evaluation sub -committee made up o f professional staff 
of the procuring entity and the Secretary of the Tender Board as the Chair and 
charged with the responsibility for the evaluation of bids.  
 
5.6 Pre-qualification of suppliers, contractors or service providers35 
5.6.1 Every procuring entity shall  decide on a minimum qualification for suppliers, 
contractors or service providers and shall set out these qualifications in the


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contractors or service providers and shall set out these qualifications in the 
request/advert for pre -qualification as well as apply these criteria in its 
selection. 
5.6.2 Procuring entities requests shall supply a set of prequalification documents to 
every bidder that requests them. These documents shall contain: 
1. Instructions relating to the preparation and submission of prequalification 
applications including the mode, deadline and time for the submission of 
applications taking into cognisance the need for bidders to prepare 
adequately. 
2. Terms and conditions required for the procurement contract to be entered 
into. 
3. Other information evidencing qualification of bidders. 
4. Any other requirement from the procuring enti ty on the preparation and


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4. Any other requirement from the procuring enti ty on the preparation and 
submission of prequalification applications. 
Note:  
The price that a procurement entity may charge for the prequalification documents 
shall reflect only the cost of printing and provision to the applicants. 
 
5.6.3 Request for clarifications36 
1. Every bidder is entitled to make a request for clarification not later than  
ten days to the dateline for submission of documents to the procurement 
                                                 
34 Section 22 
35 Section 23 
36 Section 23(4)-(7)


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 16 
entity, which shall respond in not more than seven working days so that 
the bidder will have sufficient time to submit application. 
2. Other responsibilities of the procuring entities relating to requests for 
clarifications include: 
(a) Communicating the response to other bidders if it is of interest to them. 
(b) Informing each bidder of the result of the prequalifi cation – whether or 
not the bidder has been pre-qualified  
(c) Making information on the names of bidders who have been pre -
qualified available to members of the public upon request. 
(d) Upon request, communicate to bidders who have not been pre -
qualified, the gro unds for disqualification  or the basis for not being 
pre-qualified. etc. 
 
Notes:


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qualified, the gro unds for disqualification  or the basis for not being 
pre-qualified. etc. 
 
Notes: 
1. A pre -qualified bidder may be required by the procuring entity to submit 
again information/documents demonstrating its qualifications for further 
appraisal based on the same prequalification criteria.  
2. The procuring entity may disqualify a prequalified bidder if it is not satisfied 
with the bidder’s response. 
 
6 PART VI – PROCUREMENT METHODS (GOODS AND 
SERVICES) 
 
6.1 Open Competitive Bidding 
6.1.1 Meaning: 
 …the process by which a procuring entity, based on previously defined 
criteria, effects public procurements, by offering to every interested 
bidder equal simultaneous information and opportunity to offer the 
goods and works needed. 
 
6.1.2 The General Rule:


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bidder equal simultaneous information and opportunity to offer the 
goods and works needed. 
 
6.1.2 The General Rule: 
…all procurement of goods and works by  all procuring entities shall be 
conducted by open competitive bidding.37  
 
6.1.3 The winning bid: This shall be the lowest evaluated responsive bid with 
regards to work specification and standard.38 
 
6.2 Invitations to bid39 
 
Systems of 
Invitations to bid40 
Modes of advertisement Deadline 
International 
Competitive Bidding 
(i). At least two national news papers 
(ii). One relevant internationally recognized 
publication,  
(iii). Any official website of the procuring entity and 
Not less than six week s 
before the deadline for 
submission of the bids 
for the goods works.


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Not less than six week s 
before the deadline for 
submission of the bids 
for the goods works. 
                                                 
37 This general principle has some exceptions which will be shown later. 
38 Section 24(3) 
39 Section 25(2)  
 
40 The Bureau shall set the monetary thresholds for which procurements shall fall under either system.


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 17 
the commission  
(iv). The procurement journal  
 
National Competitive 
Bidding 
(i). On the notice board of the procuring entity,  
(ii). Any official website of the procuring entity  
(iii). At least two national newspapers  
(iv). The procurement journal  
Not less than six weeks 
before the deadline for 
submission of the bids 
for the goods works. 
 
 
6.3 Bid Security41 
1. Subject to the monetary and prior review threshold as may be set by the 
Bureau, the procurement value in excess of the sum prescribed by the 
Bureau would require Bid Security in an amount not more than 2% of the 
bid price.  
2. The bid security shall be deposited in the form of a Bank Guarantee from a 
reputable bank.  
 
6.4 Submission of Bids42


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reputable bank.  
 
6.4 Submission of Bids42 
1. Bids are to be submitted in writing, signed and placed in a sealed 
envelope. 
2. All submitted bids shall be deposited in a secured tamper-proof bid box. 
3. All bids submitted shall be in English Language.  
4. Bid shall be r egistered in a bid submission register at the time of 
submission. 
5. The procuring entity shall issue a receipt showing the date and time the bid 
was delivered. 
6. Bids submitted after the deadline must be returned to the bidder. 
7. There shall be no correspondence between the bidder and the procuring 
entity except as the Act provides. 
 
6.5 Rejection/Cancellation of bids43 
The procuring entity can reject a ll bids at any time prior to the acceptance of a bid or


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The procuring entity can reject a ll bids at any time prior to the acceptance of a bid or 
cancel the procurement proceedings in the public interest without incurring any 
liability to the bidders. 
 
6.6 Validity period of bids44 
1. The period of validity for a bid shall be  the period specified in the  tender 
documents. 
2. A procuring entity may request bidders to extend the period of validity. 
3. If the request is refused, the  bid will terminate upon the  expiration of the 
original period of effectiveness. 
 
6.7 Modification and withdrawal of bids45 
1. Bidders may modify or withdraw bid. 
2. Such modification or withdrawal is effective if it is received by  the 
procurement entity before the deadline for the submission of tenders.


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procurement entity before the deadline for the submission of tenders. 
 
                                                 
41 Section 26 
42 Section 27 
43 Section 28 
44 Section 29 
45 Section 29(4) and (5)


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 18 
6.8 Bid Opening46 
1. All bids shall be submitted before the deadline or da te specified in the 
tender documents or any extension of the deadline for submission and the 
procuring entity shall observe the following: 
(a) Permit the attendees to examine the bid envelopes to ascertain that they 
have not been tampered with. 
(b) Have the bids o pened in public in the presence of the bidders or their 
representatives and other interested member of the public. 
(c) Ensure that the bid opening takes place immediately following the 
deadline stipulated for submission. 
(d) Record of bid particulars and attendance should be taken  by the 
Secretary of the Tenders Board. 
 
6.9 Examination of bids47


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Secretary of the Tenders Board. 
 
6.9 Examination of bids47 
 
6.9.1 Preliminary examination of bids is meant to ascertain the following:  
1. Conformity with the minimum eligibility.  
2. Signature in bid documents. 
3. Substantially responsiveness of bids to the bidding documents. 
4. General compliance. 
 
6.9.2 Prohibited changes in a bid:48 
1. Changes in prices  
2. Changes of substance in a bid 
3. Changes to make an unresponsive bid responsive 
Exception: Corrections of arithmetical errors are allowed.49 
 
Notes: 
1. A procuring en tity may seek for clarifications from bidder to assist in the 
examination, evaluation and comparison of bids. 
2. The Tender Board may modify the bid if clarification given amounts to 
minor deviation.


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2. The Tender Board may modify the bid if clarification given amounts to 
minor deviation. 
3. Clarifications shall not be allowed if they will result in major deviations. 
 
6.10 Major and minor deviations 
 
 Examples Effect/result 
Major Deviations 1. Clauses in an offer: 
(a) Unacceptable sub-contracting 
(b) Unacceptable time schedule if time is of essence 
(c) Unacceptable alternative design 
(d) Unacceptable price adjustment. 
 
2. Status of the bidder: 
(a) Ineligibility or non pre-qualification  
(b) the fact that he is uninvited 
 
3. An unsigned bid  
1. Rejection of bid  
 
2. The bid shall not 
be considered any 
further  
 
3. Where unopened, 
shall be returned as 
such to the bidder. 
[Section 31(8)] 
                                                 
46 Section 30


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such to the bidder. 
[Section 31(8)] 
                                                 
46 Section 30 
47 Section 31 
48 Section 31(3) 
49 Section 31(4)


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 19 
4. Time, date and place of submission: 
(a) Receipt of bid after the deadline stipulated in the 
solicitation document 
(b) Submission of bid at the wrong location. 
     [Section 31(7)] 
Minor Deviations 1. The use of codes 
2. The difference in standards 
3. The difference in materials 
4. Alternative design 
5. Alternative workmanship 
6. Modified liquidated damages 
7. Omission in minor items 
8. Discovery of arithmetical errors 
9. Sub-contracting that is unclear and questionable 
10. Different methods of construction 
11. Difference in final delivery date 
12. Difference in delivery schedule 
13. Completion period where these are not of essence 
14. Non-compliance with some technical local regulation 
15. Payment terms


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14. Non-compliance with some technical local regulation 
15. Payment terms 
16. Any other condition that has little impact on the bid. 
[Section 31 (10)] 
1. Shall be clarified. 
[Section 31(6)] 
2. A written 
clarification may 
be obtained from 
the  supplier or 
contractor  
3. An offer made for 
the correction of 
the minor 
deviation. [Section 
31(12)] 
 
Notes: 
1. In cases of doubt as to whether a deviation is major or minor, regards would 
be had to the impact of the deviation on the cost.50 
2. Any rejection as a result of the above shall be communicated to the bidder and 
no further amendments shall be entertained from the bidder.51 
3. If a bidder does not accept the correction of a minor deviation, his bid shall be 
rejected.52 
 
6.11 Evaluation of Bids53


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rejected.52 
 
6.11 Evaluation of Bids53 
 
6.11.1 What is the objective of evaluation of bids? To determine and select the lowest 
evaluated responsive bid from bidders that have responded to the solicitation. 
 
6.11.2 For the purpose of evaluation and comparison of bids, no other criteria shall be 
used except as stipulated in the solicitation documents. 
 
6.11.3 Process for the evaluation of bids54 
(a) Checking of deviations 
(b) Checking of omissions with quantification of same 
(c) Application of discounts, as applicable 
(d) Clarification with bidders of questionable minor deviations 
(e) Quantification in monetary terms of such questionable deviations 
(f) Conversion to common currency 
(g) Calculation and tabulation of bid amount with domestic preference where 
applicable


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(g) Calculation and tabulation of bid amount with domestic preference where 
applicable 
                                                 
50 Section 31 (11) 
51 Section 31 (9) and (15) 
52 Section 31(13) 
53 Section 32 
54 Section 32(3)


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 20 
(h) Determination of the lowest calculated prices in order of rank 
(i) Post-qualification of bidders, where applicable 
(j) Listing of rejection of bids where applicable 
(k) Decision of rejection of all bids where justifiable 
(l) Recommendation for award 
(m) Writing up of the bid evaluation report. 
 
Notes: 
1. Every other factor that shall be considered in the process of evaluation of bids 
shall be as stated in the solicitation documents. 
2. When bid prices are denominated in other currencies, they shall be converted 
to naira based on the rate at date specified in the solicitation documents.55 
3. In cases where pre-qualification was carried out , verification/confirmation of


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3. In cases where pre-qualification was carried out , verification/confirmation of 
qualification may be carried out after selection and a bidder who no longer 
has the resources or qualification may be denied award. 
4. Information relating to examination and evaluation will no t be communicated 
to any person until the bid winner has been notified.56  
 
6.12 Acceptance of bids57 
 
1. General rule: The successful bid shall be that submitted by the lowest cost 
bidder from the bidders responsive to the bid solicitation. 
2. Exception: The selected bidder needs not be the lowest cost bidder 
provided the procuring entity can show good grounds derived from the 
provisions of this Act to that effect. 
3. Notice of the acceptance of the bid shall immediately be given to the


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provisions of this Act to that effect. 
3. Notice of the acceptance of the bid shall immediately be given to the 
successful bidder 
 
6.13 Domestic Preferences58 
1. A procuring entity may grant a margin of preference in the evaluation of 
tenders in the following instances: 
(a) When comparing tenders from domestic bidders with those from 
foreign bidders.  
(b) When comparing tenders from domestic suppliers offering goods 
manufactured locally with those offering goods manufactured 
abroad. 
 
2. If domestic preferences will be allowed, the procuring entity must state 
this fact in the bidding documents including the eligibility information for 
domestic suppliers and contractors. 
3. Margins of preference shall apply only to tenders under international


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domestic suppliers and contractors. 
3. Margins of preference shall apply only to tenders under international 
competitive bidding and the Bureau shall by regulation set the limits and 
the procedure for the computation of margins of preference and determine 
the contents of goods manufactured locally. 
 
                                                 
55 Section 32(6) 
56 Section 32(8). Indeed it is a crime to give information relating to bid evaluation to any person not 
involved in the evaluation before a bid winner is announced. 
57 Section 33 
58 Section 34


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Public Procurement Act, 2007: A Simplified Version 21 
6.14 Mobilisation fees59 
 
1. The Act permits a mobilisation fee of not more than 15%  to be paid a 
supplier or contractor upon the presentation of the following: 
(a) For a National Competitive Bidding, an unconditional bank 
guarantee or insurance bond issued by an  institution acceptable to 
the procuring entity 
(b) For an International Competitive Bidding, an unconditional bank 
guarantee issued by a banking institution acceptable to the 
procuring entity. 
2. After the mobilization fee has been paid, the supplier or contract or shall 
receive no further payment unless an interim performance certificate has 
been issued in accordance with the contract agreement.


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been issued in accordance with the contract agreement. 
3. A Contract Performance Guarantee of not less than the mobilisation fee or 
10% of the contract value (whichever is highe r) shall be provided before 
the award of any procurement contract upon which any mobilization fee is 
to be paid.60 
 
6.15 Interest on Delayed payments61  
 
1. Payment for the procurement of goods, works, and services shall be settled 
promptly and diligently. 
 
2. Any payment due for more than sixty days from the date of the submission 
of the invoice, valuation certificate or confirmation or authentication by 
the procuring entity of satisfactory completion, shall be deemed a delayed 
payment and shall attract interest at the  rate specified in the contract 
document.


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payment and shall attract interest at the  rate specified in the contract 
document. 
 
6.16 Record of Procurement Proceedings62 
1. Every procuring entity shall maintain a record of the comprehensive 
procurement proceedings. 
2. Such records shall on request, be made available to: 
(a) Any person after a tender, propo sal, offer or quotation has been 
accepted  
(b) Suppliers, contractors or consultants after a tender, proposal, offer 
or quotation has been accepted  
(c) Any person, suppliers, contractors or consultants after procurement 
proceeding have been terminated without res ulting in a 
procurement contract  
3. A court can order the disclosure of procurement proceeding records prior 
to award of contract. Such records will not be disclosed if it will be illegal,


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to award of contract. Such records will not be disclosed if it will be illegal, 
prejudicial to legitimate interests of the parties or if it will impe de law 
enforcement. 
                                                 
59 Section 35 
60 Section 36 
61 Section 37 
62 Section 38


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4. No liability shall arise on the part of the procuring entity to suppliers, 
contractors or service providers for damages due to failure to maintain a 
record of the procurement proceedings. 
5. The records and documents kept by procuring enti ties on procurement 
shall be made available for inspection by the Bureau, an investigator 
appointed by the Bureau and the Auditor -General and officials from donor 
agencies where donor funds have been used for the procurement.63 
 
7 PART VII – SPECIAL AND RESTR ICTED METHODS OF 
PROCUREMENT 
 
7.1 Two-stage Tendering 
 
7.1.1 Circumstances:64 
(a) Where the formulation of „ detailed specifications‟ for the good or 
works is not possible or where due to this characteristics of the


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works is not possible or where due to this characteristics of the 
services, the MDA  requires or needs to further asses va rious means of 
meeting the need. 
(b) Where the character of the goods or works are subject t o rapid 
technological advances 
(c) Where the procuring entity seeks to enter into a contract for research, 
experiment, study or development  costs, which does not include 
production of goods in sufficient quantity to establish commercial 
viability. 
(d) Where the procurement is concerned with national security  
(e) Where initial tender process was not successful and a new process 
would produce similar result. 
 
7.1.2 First stage:65  
(a) Invitation for submission of initial tenders/proposals without price.


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7.1.2 First stage:65  
(a) Invitation for submission of initial tenders/proposals without price.  
(b) Initial tenders may contain technical quality and specifications of goods, 
works and services as well as indicating the contractual terms and 
professional competence required. 
(c) Procuring entity m ay enter into negotiations with a bidder whose tender 
was not rejected in the open competitive bidding , with a view to clarifying 
technical proposal it has put forward. 
 
7.1.3 Second stage:  
(a) Prior to request for s ubmission of final tenders with pricing and techn ical 
specifications. 
(b) Procuring entity may do the following: 
i. Delete or modify any aspect of the technical or quality characteristics 
ii. Add new characteristics or criteria


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i. Delete or modify any aspect of the technical or quality characteristics 
ii. Add new characteristics or criteria 
iii. Communicate the above fact to the suppliers or contractor 
iv. Permit a supplier or a contractor who wants to withdraw to do so. 
                                                 
63 Section 38(5) 
64 Section 39(2) 
65 Section 39(4) and (5)


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v. Set forth its final description of goods, works or service in the 
invitation to those selected to submit full proposals based on the 
detailed specifications now set forth by the procuring entity. 
Note:  
1. The final evaluat ion and comparison shall be governed by the principles of 
open competitive bidding. 
 
7.2 Restricted /Selective Tendering  (The Exception)66 
 
7.2.1 A procuring entity may (subject to the approval of the Bureau) for reason of 
economy and efficiency engage in procuremen t by means of restricted 
tendering if: 
(a) Goods, works and services are available from only a limited number of 
qualified suppliers or contractors 
(b) Time and cost for evaluating tenders disproportionate to the value of the


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qualified suppliers or contractors 
(b) Time and cost for evaluating tenders disproportionate to the value of the 
goods, works or services to be procured. 
Note: 
1. This procedure is an exception and should not be the norm 
2. Invitation should be extended to all the contractors and suppliers who can 
provide the good, works and services. 
3. Selection shall be in a non-discriminatory manner. 
4. Procuring entity shall publish procedures adopted in procurement journal.67 
5. Other provisions of the Act relating to open completive bidding shall apply 
except as varied. 
 
7.3 Request for Quotation68 
1. This is u sually deployed where the value of the goods or works to be 
procured does not e xceed a low sum that shall be set in the procurement 
regulation.


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procured does not e xceed a low sum that shall be set in the procurement 
regulation. 
2. Generally quotations shall be obtained from at least 3 unrelated contractors 
or suppliers. 
3. Procuring entity shall inform the contractor or supplier of factors that 
should be included in the price, eg transport, insurance, freight, duties etc 
4. Each bidder shall give only one quotation and shall not be allowed to 
change or vary the quotation or enter into any negotiation with the 
procuring entity. 
5. The successful contractor or supplier shall be th e one that gives the lowest 
priced responsive quotation. 
. 
7.4 Direct Procurement / Single Source69 
 
7.4.1 Circumstances for Direct Procurement - First scenario: 
(a) If a particular supplier has an exclusive right eg (patent)  or where an


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(a) If a particular supplier has an exclusive right eg (patent)  or where an 
alternative does not exist. 
(b) Extreme urgency (which is not fault of the procuring agency) 
                                                 
66 Section 40 
67 Section 40(3) 
68 Section 41 
69 Section 42


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(c) Situation of urgency arising as a result of catastrophe  or disasters, 
making it impracticable to use any methods of procurement. 
(d) Procuring entity which has procured goods, works or service s from a 
contractor may decide to procure more of such goods, equipment, 
technology or services already procured  from the same supplier or 
contractor because of the following:  
i. Limited size of the additional procurement in relation to the 
original procurement. 
ii. Need to  maintain compatibility with existing goods  taking 
into account, effectiveness of the original goods. 
iii. Reasonableness of price and unsuitability of alternatives.  
(e) Procurement involves research, experiment, study or development.


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(e) Procurement involves research, experiment, study or development. 
(f) Procurement involving national security. 
 
Note: In the case of direct procurement; 
1. Goods, works and services may be procured by inviting a single supplier or 
contractor to submit a proposal or quotation. 
2. In this case, the procuring entity shall make record or the procurement 
proceeding and state the grounds for its decisions and circumstances relating 
to the procurement.70 
 
7.4.2 Second scenario – Emergency Procurement:71 
 
Procuring entity may engage in direct procurement of goods, works and services in 
emergency situations under the following circumstances: 
(a) National/public emergency involving disaster, war, or Act of God  
(b) Deterioration of the condition and quality of public goods


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(b) Deterioration of the condition and quality of public goods 
(c) Likely delay of a public project due to the absence of an item of minor value. 
 
Note: 
1. Need to observe principles of accountability. 
2. Post-emergency report to be filed before the Bureau after the cessation of 
emergency and the procurement for approval.72 
 
8 PART VIII – PROCUREMENT OF CONSULTANT 
(SERVICES) 
 
8.1 Expression of Interest (EoI) 
1. An entity with precise and ascertainabl e needs can solicit for EoI (or 
applications to pre-qualify to provide the services) by publishing in at least 
2 national dailies and the procurement journal. 
2. If cost is below one m illion naira or with the approval of the Bureau, the 
services is such that only national consultants would be interested, request


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services is such that only national consultants would be interested, request 
can be made to at least 3 consultants/service providers  (and not more than 
ten) to present proposals  for the provision of the services stating the 
following: 
                                                 
70 Section 42(2) 
71 Section 43 
72 Section 43(4)


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(a) Qualifications of the consultant to provide the service 
(b) Understanding of the procuring entity's needs 
(c) Methodology for providing the service 
(d) The time frame for providing the service 
(e) The cost or fee for the service 
 
8.2 Request for proposals to provide services for unascertained needs 
 
8.2.1 Open request 
 
1. A procuring entity may request for proposals when it intends to enter into 
a contract for the purpose of research, experiment, study or development 
2. Solicitation for expressions of interest  shall be by the publication of a 
notice in 2 national newspapers and the procurement journal. 
 
8.2.2 Direct request73 
1. Requests to a limited number of  consultants requesting proposals for the


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8.2.2 Direct request73 
1. Requests to a limited number of  consultants requesting proposals for the 
provision of a service if : 
(a) The services are only available from no more than 3 consultants: 
(b) The time and cost required to examine and evaluate  proposals 
would be disproportionate to the value of the services to be  
performed,  
(c) It is in the interest of national defense and security or similar 
reason of confidentiality.  
 
Note: Procuring entity shall invite enough consultants to ensure transparent  
competition. 
 
8.3 Contents of a proposal74 
 
(a) The name and address of the procurement entity. 
(b) A requirement that the proposals are to be prepared in the English 
language. 
(c) The manner, place and deadline for the submission of proposals.


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language. 
(c) The manner, place and deadline for the submission of proposals. 
(d) A statement that the procuring entity reserves the right to reject proposals  
(e) The criteria and procedures for the evaluation of the qualifications of the 
consultants. 
(f) The requirements on documentary evidence or other information that shall 
be submitted by consultants to demonstrate their qualifications. 
(g) The nature and required characteristics of the services to be procured 
including the location where the services are to be provided and the time 
when the services are to be provided. 
(h) Whether the procuring entity is seeking proposals on  various poss ible 
ways of meeting its needs. 
(i) A requirement that the proposal price is to be expressed in Nigerian 
currency.


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ways of meeting its needs. 
(i) A requirement that the proposal price is to be expressed in Nigerian 
currency. 
                                                 
73 Section 45(2) 
74 Section 46


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(j) The manner in which the proposal price is to be expressed, including a 
statement on whether the price covers elements apart from the  cost of 
services, such as reimbursement for transportation, lodging, insurance, use 
of equipment, duties or taxes. 
(k) Whether the procedure to ascertain the successful proposal shall be based 
on the lowest cost or quality and cost or a combination of the low est cost, 
quality and criteria other than cost but stipulated in the request for 
proposals. 
(l) A short list to be made of only national consultants for consulting 
assignment, contract within a set threshold in the procurement regulation 
provided that national consultants possess such requisite skills.


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provided that national consultants possess such requisite skills. 
 
Note: The procuring entity shall provide the same information to every consultant 
requested to submit proposals. 
 
8.4 Clarification and modification of request for proposal75 
 
1. Request for clarification from the procu ring entity shall be made within a 
reasonable time to be specified. 
2. A procuring entity may, on its own or upon request for clarification by a 
consultant, modify the request for proposals by issuing an addendum to the 
short listed consultants at any time pr ior to the deadline for submission of 
proposals. 
3. Any meeting convened by the procuring entity shall be recorded with all 
the views and anonymous requests for clarifications sought and responses. 
 
8.5 Submission of proposals:76


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the views and anonymous requests for clarifications sought and responses. 
 
8.5 Submission of proposals:76 
1. Sufficient time shall be allowed f or submission but not less than thirty 
days between the issue of the notice or request and the deadline for 
submission. 
2. Technical and financial proposals shall be submitted together but in 
separate envelopes. 
3. Late proposals shall be returned to the sender unopened. 
4. Immediately after the submission deadline, the technical proposals shall be 
opened for evaluation whilst the financial proposals shall remain sealed 
and kept in a secure bid-box until they are opened publicly. 
5. The Technical Evaluation Committees shall no t have access to the 
financial proposals until the evaluation including Tenders Board reviews


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financial proposals until the evaluation including Tenders Board reviews 
are concluded. 
 
8.6 Evaluation of proposals77 
 
8.6.1 Procuring entity shall determine the  criteria and weight to be attached to each 
of the following criterion in the evaluation of proposals: 
(a) The qualification, experience, professional and managerial competence of 
the consultant or service provider and its personnel to be involved in 
providing the services. 
                                                 
75 Section 47 
76 Section 48 
77 Section 49


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(b) The effectiveness of the proposal in meeting with the needs o f the 
procuring entity as well as the costs of the proposal. 
(c) The impact of proposal on Government's financial position, impact on 
socio-economic and technological development and participation  local 
personnel. 
(d) National defence and security considerations, where they exist. 
 
8.6.2 Procuring entity may also accord some level of preference to local consultants 
or service providers which shall be according to guidelines issued by the 
Bureau.78 
 
8.7 Selection Procedure  
 
8.7.1 General Selection Procedure (Services)79 
(a) Selection can be based on any or a combination of the following:


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8.7.1 General Selection Procedure (Services)79 
(a) Selection can be based on any or a combination of the following: 
i. Lowest evaluated price or based on a combination of criteria set out in 
the request for proposal.  
ii. Proposal with the highest technical ranking that is within the budget. 
(b) Procuring entity shall include in  the record of proceeding a statement on 
the grounds which it relied to select a winner 
(c) Procuring entity can use an impartial panel of experts to make a selection. 
 
8.7.2 Where price is a factor(Quality and Cost Based) 
(a) Where the procuring entity decides to choos e a proposal based on 
technical and price factors, it shall establish a weight with respect to 
quality and technical price factors of the proposals in accordance with the


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quality and technical price factors of the proposals in accordance with the 
criteria. The weight represented by a score to be awarded for a certain 
level of compliance with requirements. 
(b) The procuring entity shall record the name of each consultant as well as 
record the scores for the technical component of the proposal and the price 
proposed by each consultant. 
(c) The successful proposals shall be the one with the b est technical and cost 
effective proposal (Quality and cost based) or the one with the least cost or 
the highest ranked technical proposal within the budget , depending on 
which of these three bases of selection the procuring entity chose in its 
request for proposal document. 
(d) Where however least price is the basis, after the evaluation of the


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request for proposal document. 
(d) Where however least price is the basis, after the evaluation of the 
technical, the consultants that failed to meet the qualifying mark or whose 
proposals were not -responsive shall be notified within fourteen days, and 
their financials shall not be opened. 
(e) Minutes of the opening of the financial proposals shall be prepared and 
kept. 
 
8.7.3 Where price is not a factor  
Where price is not a factor, the procuring entity will undertake the following: 
(a) Establish a weight with respect to quality and price. 
(b) Enter negotiation with the consultant with the best rating on price. 
                                                 
78 Section 49(2) 
79 Section 50


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(c) Inform the second consultant that attained ratings above the weight that 
may be considered if negotiations with the consultant with the best rating 
do not result in a procurement co ntract; and inform the former of the 
subsequent termination. 
(d) Note that this process continues until a decision is made or a total rejection 
of all the proposals is made. 
(e) The procuring entity need to maintain confidentiality and avoid disclosure 
to competing consultants. 
 
9 PART IX – PROCUREMENT SURVEILLANCE AND 
REVIEW 
 
9.1 Power to recommend Investigation80  
 
9.1.1 The Bureau ha s mandate to review and recommend for investigations by any 
relevant authority any matter related to the following:


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relevant authority any matter related to the following: 
(a) The conduct of procurement proceeding by a procuring entity  
(b) The conclusion or operation of a procurement contract if it considers that a 
criminal investigation is necessary or desirable to prevent or de tect a 
contravention of this Act. 
 
9.1.2 Investigations could lead to any of the following: 
(a) Production, removal  and examination of books, record, accounts or 
documents. 
(b) Search of premises. 
(c) Explanation of entry into books of accounts. 
(d) Production of further information concerning the management of the 
procurement process. 
 
9.1.3 If contravention of this law is established, the Bureau shall take any of the 
following actions: 
(a) Nullification of the procurement proceedings.


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following actions: 
(a) Nullification of the procurement proceedings. 
(b) Cancellation of the procurement contract. 
(c) Ratification of anything done in relation to the proceeding. 
(d) A declaration consistent with any relevant provisions of this law. 
 
Note  
1. A completed investigation may be followed by criminal prosecution by the 
relevant authority.81 
2. The Bureau may on the advice of a procuring entity or any relevant 
government agency issue a variation order requiring  the contractor to repair, 
replace or remedy any defect or undone part of the contract at his expense.82 
 
9.2 Administrative Review83 
 
                                                 
80 Section 53 
81 Section 53(5) 
82 Section 53(3) 
83 Section 54


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9.2.1 A bidder may seek administrative review for any omission or breach by a 
procuring or disposing entity under the provisions of t his Act, or any 
regulations or guidelines made under this Act or the provisions of bidding 
documents. 
 
 RECEIVING 
AUTHORITY 
TIME WITHIN WHICH TO 
SUBMIT A PETITION 
TIME LIMIT 
TO 
ACT/MAKE 
A DECISION 
ACTION 
FIRST 
STAGE 
Accounting 
Officer of 
procuring or 
disposing 
entity 
Fifteen (15) working days from the 
date the bidder first became aware 
of the circumstances giving rise to 
the complaint or should have 
become aware of the circumstances, 
whichever is earlier. 
Fifteen  (15) 
working days 
 
 
Make a decision indica ting the 
corrective measures to be taken if


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Fifteen  (15) 
working days 
 
 
Make a decision indica ting the 
corrective measures to be taken if 
any, including the suspension of the 
proceedings where he deems it 
necessary and giving reasons for his 
decision 
     
SECOND 
STAGE 
Bureau Ten (10) working days from the 
date of communication of the 
decision of the accounting officer 
Twenty-one  
(21) working 
days 
 
Make any of the following decisions 
and stating reasons for such 
including remedies (if any) granted: 
i. Dismissal of the complaint 
ii. Prohibit a procuring or 
disposing entity from taking 
any further action. 
iii. Nullify in whole or in part an 
unlawful act or decision made 
by the procuring or disposing 
entity. 
iv. Declare the rules or principles 
that govern the subject matter 
of the complaint


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entity. 
iv. Declare the rules or principles 
that govern the subject matter 
of the complaint 
v. Revise an improper decision by 
the procuring or disposing 
entity or substitut e its own 
decision for such a decision. 
 
     
THIRD 
STAGE 
Federal High 
Court 
Thirty (30) days after the receipt of 
the decision of the Bureau, or 
expiration of the time stipulated for 
the Bureau to deliver a decision 
None  
 
Note: In reaching its decisio n, the Bureau shall notify the bidders and take into 
account representations from the bidders and from the procuring or disposing entity. 
 
10 PART X – DISPOSAL OF PUBLIC PROPERTY 
 
10.1 What is public property? …resources in the form of tangible and non -tangible 
assets (ranging from serviceable to the unserviceable)


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assets (ranging from serviceable to the unserviceable)  
(a) Created through public expenditure. 
(b) Acquired as a gift. 
(c) Intellectual or proprietary rights. 
(d) Financial instruments (including shares, stocks, bonds etc). 
(e) Acquired by goodwill and any other gifts of the State Government.   
 
10.2 Every Procuring entity shall also be a disposing entity.


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10.3 The Bureau shall determine applicable policies and practices and issue 
guidelines and standard documentation relating to the disposal of public 
property. 
 
10.4 Rules for disposal of public property 
(a) Open Competitive Bidding shall be the primary source of receiving offers 
for the purchase of public property. 
(b) Methods of disposal shall include: sale and rental, lease and hire purchase, 
licenses and tenancies, franchise and auction. 
(c) Planning of disposal is compulsory and shall include valuation by 
independent professional.84 
(d) Disposal must be integrated into budget of procuring entity and be timed to 
take place at a most economically advantageous time.


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take place at a most economically advantageous time. 
(e) Responsibility for disposal shall be shar ed between the procurement unit 
and the Tenders Board. 
Note: 
Assets covered under the Public Enterprises (Privatization and Commercialization) 
Act 1999 are excluded from operation of the provisions on disposal of assets. 
 
11 PART XI – CODE OF CONDUCT 
 
11.1 Guiding Principles:  
1. Every person involved with public procurement and disposal of public 
property, whether as official of the Bureau, a procuring entity, supplier, 
contractor or service provider shall at all times be governed by principles 
of honesty, accountability, transparency, fairness and equity. 
 
2. All public officers involved in the conduct of public procurements shall


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2. All public officers involved in the conduct of public procurements shall 
subscribe to an oath as approved by Council. 
 
3. Where a transaction involves the disposal of assets, principles of 
honesty, accountability, tra nsparency, fairness and equity shall continue 
to apply to the same extent as in procurement. 
 
4. These principles shall apply at all times, particularly when: 
(a) Making requisition for or planning of procurements. 
(b) Preparing solicitation documents. 
(c) Receiving offe rs in response to any form of solicitation tow ards a 
procurement or disposal. 
(d) Evaluating and comparing offers confidentially and in co mplete 
neutrality. 
(e) Protecting the interest of all parties without fear or favour.


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neutrality. 
(e) Protecting the interest of all parties without fear or favour. 
(f) Avoiding all situations likely to render  an officer vulnerable to 
embarrassment or undue influence. 
 
5. All public officers shall handle public procurement and disposal of assets 
by:  
                                                 
84 Section 56(1)


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(a) Ensuring adequate time for preparing offers. 
(b) Complying with this Act and all derivative regulations. 
(c) Maintaining strict confidentiality until completion of a contract. 
(d) Maintaining the highest standards of ethics in their relationships with 
individuals and companies who seek to do business with government 
whether as a bidder, supplier, contractor or service provider and  in 
particular shall- 
i. Divest himself of any interest or relationships which are 
contrary to the Act and inimical to the interest of government. 
ii. Not engage or participate in any commercial transaction 
involving the federal government or its agencies where h e or 
any person directly related to him would have an unfair


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involving the federal government or its agencies where h e or 
any person directly related to him would have an unfair 
advantage - pecuniary or otherwise. 
(e) Make a declaration in any case where conflict of interest is likely to 
arise. 
 
11.2 Conflict of interest situations 
 
(a) Possessing an interest outside his/her official duties that materially influenced the 
outcome of the tender 
(b) Possessing a direct or indirect interest in or relationship with a bidder, supplier, 
contractor, or service provider that is inherently unethical or that may be implied 
or constructed to be, or make possible personal gain due to the person‟s ability to 
influence dealings   
(c) Entertaining relationships which are unethical, rendering his/her attitude partial


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influence dealings   
(c) Entertaining relationships which are unethical, rendering his/her attitude partial 
towards the outsider for personal reasons or otherwise inhibits the impartiality of 
the person‟s judgments.     
(d) Placing by acts or omissions the procuring entity he/she represents or the 
Government in an equivocal, embarrassing or ethically questionable position 
(e) Entertaining relationships compromising the reputation or integrity of the 
procuring entity he/she represents or the Government 
(f) Receiving benefits by taking personal advantage of an opportunity that properly 
belongs to the procuring entity he/she represents or the Government 
(g) Creating a source of personal revenue or advantage by using public property


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(g) Creating a source of personal revenue or advantage by using public property 
which comes into his/her hands either in course of his work or otherwise  
(h) Disclosing confidential information being either the property of his/her procuring 
entity, the Government or to a supplier, contractor or service provider to 
unauthorized persons in bid to influence bidding outcomes 
(i) Participating directly or by a third party in buying a public property in which he 
was involved in disposal processes. 
 
12 PART XII– OFFENCES 
 
12.1 Offences  
 
(a) Collusion or collusive agreements whether or not enforceable. 
(b) Procurement f raud using undue influence, favour, bribery, threats, 
promises, agreement etc. 
(c) Directly or indirectly trying to influence in any manner the procurement


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promises, agreement etc. 
(c) Directly or indirectly trying to influence in any manner the procurement 
process to gain an unfair advantage. 
(d) Bid Rigging – Pre-arrangement of offers where winners have been 
predetermined.


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(e) Splitting of tenders to evade thresholds. 
(f) Altering procurement document (insertion of vital documents or requesting 
for clarification in a manner not permitted by law). 
(g) Willful refusal to allow Commission and its officers access to  any 
procurement records. 
(h) Using fake documents or encouraging their use. 
 
12.2 Prosecution of offences 
 
12.2.1 Prosecution of offences under this Act shall be instituted in the name of the 
Federal Republic of Nigeria by the following: 
(a) Attorney-General of the Federatio n or such other officer of the Federal 
Ministry of Justice as he may authorize.  
(b) The Attorney -General of a state or any other officer of the Ministry of 
Justice of that state.


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(b) The Attorney -General of a state or any other officer of the Ministry of 
Justice of that state. 
(c) Upon request by any relevant authority, any legal practitioner in Nigeria.  
 
12.3 Trial of offences shall be by the Federal High Court 
 
12.4 Punishment upon conviction: 
 
 OFFENDER PUNISHMENT 
1. A natural person not 
being a public officer 
(eg, individual 
contractors, consultants, 
suppliers etc) 
Imprisonment term of not less than 5 calendar year s but not 
exceeding 10 calendar years without an option of fine. [Section 
58(1)] 
2. An officer of the 
Bureau, or any 
procuring entity 
A cumulative punishment of: 
i. A term of imprisonment of not less than 5 calendar years 
without any option of fine 
ii. Summary dismissal from government services. 
[Section 58(5)]


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without any option of fine 
ii. Summary dismissal from government services. 
[Section 58(5)] 
3. A legal person  
(eg, registered 
businesses, companies 
or corporations)  
A cumulative penalty of: 
i. Debarment from all public procurements for a period not less 
than 5 calendar years. 
ii. A fine equivalent to  25% of the value of the procurement in 
issue.  
iii. A term of imprisonment not less than 3 calendar years but not 
exceeding 5 calendar years without an option of fine for every 
director of the company as listed on its records at the 
Corporate Affairs Commission. 
[Section 58(6) and (7)] 
 
Notes 
1. To determine presumption, considerations shall be given to the suspect's 
ability to control the outcome of the procurement proceedings in question, 
whether total or partial.85


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ability to control the outcome of the procurement proceedings in question, 
whether total or partial.85 
2. In proving undue influence, proof that a reaso nable business person should 
have known that his action would result in his company or firm having an 
undue advantage over other bidders to the detriment of the national treasury 
is sufficient.86 
                                                 
85 Section 58(11) 
86 Section 58(12)


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13 PART XIII - MISCELLANEOUS 
 
1. Authentication of fixing of the B ureau‟s seal shall be done by the signature of 
the Chairman, the Director -General or of any other person authorized 
generally or specially to act for that purpose by the Council. 
 
2. Any contract or instrument which, if made or executed by a person not being a 
body corporate, would not be required to be under seal may be made or 
executed on behalf of the Bureau by the Director -General or any person 
generally or specially authorized to act for that purpose by the Council. 
 
3. There is a presumption of regularity on any document duly executed under the 
seal of the Bureau and shall be received in evidence.


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seal of the Bureau and shall be received in evidence. 
 
4. The validity of any proceeding of the Council or a committee shall not be 
adversely affected by any vacancy or defect in the appointment into its 
membership or th e fact that a person not entitled to do so took part in its 
proceedings.


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1 
5. Contract Award Processes 
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) & Service Levels (SLAs) 
Version 1.0 | Dated 03 February 2026 
 
Purpose 
• Define the steps from approval of evaluation recommendation to contract award notification, including 
statutory approvals and transparency requirements. 
• Ensure awards are made only after required approvals and (where applicable) BPP Certificate of No 
Objection. 
Scope 
• Applies from evaluation report endorsement through award notification and contract signature. 
• Covers goods/works and services; includes standstill/complaints handling where applicable. 
Roles & Responsibilities (minimum) 
• Tenders Board: approves award within its threshold; recommends to higher approving authority where 
required (PPA 2007 s.22; s.17).


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required (PPA 2007 s.22; s.17). 
• Accounting Officer: obtains approvals; executes contract agreements; announces and publicizes award 
(PPA 2007 s.19(d), (i), (j)). 
• BPP: issues 'Certificate of No Objection to Contract Award' for procurements within prior review 
thresholds (PPA 2007 s.19(h); s.16 provisions on BPP powers). 
• Legal Unit: prepares contract agreement and ensures securities/guarantees are in place (best practice; 
supports PPA 2007 s.36 and s.37). 
• Finance Unit: confirms funding and payment terms; ensures late-payment interest clauses are included 
(PPA 2007 s.37(4)). 
Procedure (What to do, when, why, and how) 
1. Confirm award recommendation is based on lowest evaluated responsive bid (goods/works) or valid


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1. Confirm award recommendation is based on lowest evaluated responsive bid (goods/works) or valid 
services selection method and published criteria (PPA 2007 s.24(3); s.49-52 for services). 
2. Tenders Board reviews and approves (or escalates) the evaluation report and recommendation (PPA 
2007 s.22). 
3. Where within prior-review thresholds, submit the award package to BPP for review and obtain a 
Certificate of No Objection before award (PPA 2007 s.19(h)). 
4. Validate required securities and guarantees: bid security (if required) not exceeding 2% of bid price (PPA 
2007 s.26); performance guarantee as applicable (PPA 2007 s.36). 
5. Prepare award notification and issue to successful bidder; notify unsuccessful bidders and provide 
debriefing upon request (PPA 2007 s.19(e)).


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debriefing upon request (PPA 2007 s.19(e)). 
6. Publish/announce award in the required format and channels per BPP guidance (PPA 2007 s.19(j)). 
(Specific publication channels/timelines for award notices should be confirmed from current BPP 
circulars/guidelines.) 
7. Finalize and sign the contract agreement; ensure all material terms match the solicitation and winning 
bid; document any permitted clarifications (best practice; prevents scope creep).


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8. Set up the contract file and contract management plan (CMP) with performance indicators, reporting, 
and payment milestones (World Bank Contract Management Guidance; OECD performance focus). 
9. Archive the award package in the procurement record (PPA 2007 s.38; Regs 2007 para 16). 
Required Records / Evidence 
• Approved evaluation report and Tenders Board minutes. 
• BPP Certificate of No Objection (where applicable). 
• Award notification letter and bidder acknowledgements. 
• Debriefing records (requests and responses). 
• Signed contract agreement and all schedules. 
• Contract Management Plan (CMP) and KPI schedule. 
Key Controls (Integrity, Value-for-Money, Compliance) 
• No award without required approvals and BPP no-objection where applicable (PPA 2007 s.19(h)).


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• No award without required approvals and BPP no-objection where applicable (PPA 2007 s.19(h)). 
• Securities control: verify authenticity/validity of bank guarantees; store originals securely (PPA 2007 
s.26; s.36). 
• Transparency control: publish the award and retain evidence; enable debriefing (PPA 2007 s. 19(e), (j)). 
• Change-control: prohibit post-award material changes outside permitted variation rules; log all 
variations (PPA 2007 s.53(3) on variation orders by BPP in contravention contexts). 
Service Levels (SLAs) & Statutory Timelines 
Process point SLA / timeline Source Notes / evidence 
BPP no-objection 
requirement (where prior 
review applies) 
Must be obtained 
before award 
PPA 2007 s.19(h) Platform should block award 
without upload 
Mobilization fee cap (if


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Must be obtained 
before award 
PPA 2007 s.19(h) Platform should block award 
without upload 
Mobilization fee cap (if 
applicable) 
≤15% and only with 
unconditional 
guarantee 
PPA 2007 s.35(1) Record guarantee details 
Performance guarantee (if 
mobilization applies) 
≥10% of contract 
value OR ≥ 
mobilization fee, 
whichever higher 
PPA 2007 s.36 Verify before mobilization 
Bidder appeal to court after 
BPP decision 
≤30 days Goods & Works 
Regs 2007 para 
20; PPA 2007 
s.54(7) 
Track litigation risk 
Minimum Compliance Data Points for an Exceptions-Reporting Platform 
• Award recommendation date; approval date(s) and approving authority level. 
• BPP no-objection required? (yes/no) + certificate upload. 
• Award notification date to winner and date(s) to losers.


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• Award notification date to winner and date(s) to losers. 
• Award publication evidence upload and date. 
• Securities: bid security, performance guarantee, mobilization guarantee (amounts, issuers, validity 
dates). 
References (in-line citations appear in brackets) 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement Act, 2007 (PPA 2007). 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement (Goods and Works) Regulations, 2007.


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• UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Procurement (2011) and Guide to Enactment. 
• World Bank Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers (7th ed., Sep 2025) and associated guidance on 
PPSD and Contract Management. 
• OECD Recommendation on Public Procurement (2015) and implementation guidance (2025). 
Uncertainty / Items to Confirm 
• Exact timelines for BPP issuance of 'Certificate of No Objection' and for award publication requirements 
may be specified in BPP circulars/manuals; confirm current SLA targets from BPP’s latest guidance and 
embed into the platform as configurable parameters.


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1 
7. Delivery & Payment 
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) & Service Levels (SLAs) 
Version 1.0 | Dated 03 February 2026 
 
Purpose 
• Define how MDAs verify delivery/outputs and process payments to suppliers/contractors/consultants 
promptly, lawfully, and with full documentation. 
• Reduce delivery acceptance disputes and control the risk of delayed payments. 
Scope 
• Applies from delivery or milestone completion through certification, invoicing, payment processing, and 
reconciliation. 
• Includes goods receipt/inspection, works measurement/valuation, services deliverable acceptance, and 
payment timelines. 
Roles & Responsibilities (minimum) 
• User Department/Technical Supervisor: inspects and certifies delivery; issues acceptance or 
performance/valuation certificates.


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performance/valuation certificates. 
• Store/Logistics Unit (where applicable): records receipt of goods and inventory entries. 
• Finance Unit: processes payments; ensures compliance with contract terms and statutory requirements 
(PPA 2007 s.37). 
• Procurement Unit: ensures payment is supported by contract, certificates, and approvals; maintains 
records (PPA 2007 s.38). 
• Supplier/Contractor: submits invoice and required documentation; remedies defects within agreed 
period. 
Procedure (What to do, when, why, and how) 
1. Confirm delivery requirements and acceptance criteria from contract and CMP; communicate inspection 
schedule to supplier (best practice). 
2. On delivery or milestone completion, perform inspection/verification against specs, quantities, and


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2. On delivery or milestone completion, perform inspection/verification against specs, quantities, and 
quality; document findings and any non-conformities. 
3. Issue Goods Received Note (GRN) / Completion Certificate / Valuation Certificate / Deliverable 
Acceptance Note as applicable; retain signed evidence. 
4. Where mobilisation has been paid, ensure no further payment is made without an interim performance 
certificate (PPA 2007 s.35(2)). 
5. Receive supplier invoice with supporting documents: certificates, delivery notes, tax documentation, and 
any required warranties/guarantees. 
6. Perform a 3-way match (contract to certificate to invoice) and verify the arithmetic and eligibility of 
charges (best practice).


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charges (best practice). 
7. Approve payment within internal delegation and process through treasury systems; maintain payment 
trail (best practice; supports audit). 
8. Track payment timeliness: any payment due for more than 60 days from invoice/valuation 
certificate/confirmation is 'delayed payment' (PPA 2007 s.37(2)).


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9. Apply contractually specified interest on delayed payments and ensure all contracts include interest 
terms for late payment >60 days (PPA 2007 s.37(3)-(4)). 
10. Reconcile final account and update contract file; prepare payment close-out summary. 
Required Records / Evidence 
• Inspection reports, GRNs, acceptance certificates, valuation certificates. 
• Interim performance certificates (where applicable). 
• Invoices and supporting documentation (including tax evidence as required). 
• Payment approvals and payment confirmation (bank/tresury evidence). 
• Delayed payment tracker and interest computations (where applicable). 
Key Controls (Integrity, Value-for-Money, Compliance) 
• Acceptance control: no payment without documented acceptance/certification.


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• Acceptance control: no payment without documented acceptance/certification. 
• Delayed-payment control: automated tracking to prevent crossing the 60-day threshold (PPA 2007 
s.37(2)). 
• Fraud control: verify supplier bank details, duplicate invoice checks, and segregation of duties (best 
practice). 
• Retention control: store all documents in contract/procurement file for audit (PPA 2007 s.38; Regs 2007 
para 16). 
Service Levels (SLAs) & Statutory Timelines 
Process point SLA / timeline Source Notes / evidence 
Delayed payment threshold Payment due >60 
days is delayed 
PPA 2007 s.37(2) Measure from 
invoice/valuation 
certificate/confirmation date 
Interest on delayed 
payments 
Interest at rate 
specified in contract 
PPA 2007 s.37(3) Compute and record 
Mandatory late-payment


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payments 
Interest at rate 
specified in contract 
PPA 2007 s.37(3) Compute and record 
Mandatory late-payment 
interest clause 
Include interest terms 
for late payment >60 
days 
PPA 2007 s.37(4) Compliance check at contract 
setup 
Post-mobilization payment 
condition 
No further payment 
without interim 
performance 
certificate 
PPA 2007 s.35(2) Certificate required in system 
Minimum Compliance Data Points for an Exceptions-Reporting Platform 
• Certificate dates (GRN/valuation/acceptance) and invoice submission date. 
• Payment approval date and payment date (auto-calc days-to-pay). 
• Flag at day 45 and 'delayed' at day 60 (PPA 2007 s.37(2)). 
• Interest clause present? (yes/no) and the interest rate field. 
• Evidence uploads for certificate, invoice, and payment.


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• Evidence uploads for certificate, invoice, and payment. 
References (in-line citations appear in brackets) 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement Act, 2007 (PPA 2007). 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement (Goods and Works) Regulations, 2007. 
• UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Procurement (2011) and Guide to Enactment.


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• World Bank Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers (7th ed., Sep 2025) and associated guidance on 
PPSD and Contract Management. 
• OECD Recommendation on Public Procurement (2015) and implementation guidance (2025).


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PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ACT, 2007 
 
ARRANGEMENT OFSECTIONS  
SECTION:   
PART I-ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL COUNCIL ON PUBLIC PROCUREMENT  
1. Establishment of the National Council on Public Procurement and its  
membership.  
2. Functions of the Council.  
PART II – ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT  
3.  The establishment of the Bureau of Public Procurement.  
4.  Objectives of the Bureau.  
5.  Functions of the Bureau.  
6.  Powers of the Bureau.  
7.  Director-General and staff of the Bureau.  
8.  Principal officers of the Bureau.  
9.  Other staff of the Bureau.  
10.  Staff regulations.  
11.  Pension provisions.  
12.  Funds of the Bureau.  
13.  Financial year, budgeting and annual report.  
14.  Legal proceedings.  
          PART III-SCOPE OF APPLICATION


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14.  Legal proceedings.  
          PART III-SCOPE OF APPLICATION   
15. Scope of application.  
PART IV-FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES FOR PROCUREMENTS  
16.  Fundamental Principles for Procurement.  
PART V- ORGANISATION OF PROCUREMENTS  
17.  Approving authority.  
18.  Procurement planning.  
19.  Procurement implementation.  
20.  Accounting officer.  
21.  Procurement planning committee.  
22.  Tenders board.  
23.  Pre-qualification of bidders.  
24.  Open competitive bidding.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2007 No. 14   Public Procurement Act  
 
PART VI-PROCUREMENT METHODS (GOODS AND SERVICES)  
25.    Invitations to bid.


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26.    Bid security.  
27.     Submission of bids.  
28.  Rejection of bids.  
29.     Validity period of bids, modification and withdrawal of tenders.  
30.     Bid opening.  
31.     Examination of bids.  
32.  Evaluation of bids.  
33.     Acceptance of bids.  
34.  Domestic preferences.  
35.  Mobilization fees.  
36.     Contract performance guarantee.  
37.  Interest on delayed payments.  
38.  Record of procurement proceedings.  
PART VII-SPECIAL AND RESTRICTED METHODS OF PROCUREMENT  
39.  Two stage tendering.  
40.  Restricted tendering.  
41.  Request for quotations.  
42.  Direct procurement.  
43.  Emergency procurements.  
PART VII-PROCUREMENT OF CONSULTANT (SERVICES)  
44.  Expressions of interest to provide services for ascertained needs.


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44.  Expressions of interest to provide services for ascertained needs.  
45.  Request for proposals to provide services for unascertained needs.  
46.  Content of the requests for proposals.  
47.  Clarification and modification of requests for proposals.  
48.  Submission of proposals.  
49.  Criteria for evaluation of proposals.  
50.  General selection procedure (services).  
51.  Procedure for selection of proposal where price is a factor.  
52.  Selection procedure where price is not a factor.  
PART IX-PROCUREMENT SURVEILLANCE AND REVIEW  
53.  Bureau to recommend investigation.  
54.  Administrative Review.  
PART X-DISPOSAL OF PUBLIC PROPERTY  
55.  Disposal of public property.  
56.  Planning of disposals.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act  
PART XI-CODE OF CONDUCT


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56.  Planning of disposals.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act  
PART XI-CODE OF CONDUCT  
57.    Code of conduct for public procurement.


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PART XII-OFF'ENCES  
58.    Offences relating to public procurement.  
PART XIII-MISCELLANEOUS  
59.  Miscellaneous.  
60.  Interpretation.  
61.  Short Title.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ACT, 2007  
2007 ACT No. 14  
AN ACT TO ESTABLISH THE NATIONAL COUNCIL ON PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND THE  
BUREAU OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AS THE REGULATORY AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE FOR THE  
MONITORING AND OVERSIGHT OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT, HARMONIZING THE EXISTING  
GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICES BY REGULATING, SETTING STANDARDS AND DEVELOPING  
THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND PROFESSIONAL CAPACITY F'OR PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN NIGERIA;  
AND FOR RELATED MATTERS.  
[4th Day of June, 2007]  
ENACTED by the National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria :


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[4th Day of June, 2007]  
ENACTED by the National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria :  
PART I-ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL COUNCIL ON PUBLIC PROCUREMENT  
1.-(1) There is established the National Council on Public Procurement (in this  
Commence-  
ment.  
 
 
 
Establishment  
or the  
National  
Council on  
Public  
Procurement  
and its  
membership.


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Act referred to as "the Council").  
(2) The Council shall consist of :  
(a) the Minister of Finance as Chairman  
(b) the Attorney-General and Minister of Justice of the Federation  
(c) the Secretary to the Government of the Federation  
(d) the Head of Service of the Federation;  
(e) the Economic Adviser to the President  
(f)  six part-time members to represent;  
(i)  Nigeria Institute of Purchasing and Supply Management  
(ii) Nigeria Bar Association;  
(iii) Nigeria Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines and  
Agriculture ;  
(iv) Nigeria Society of Engineers;   
(v) Civil Society;  
(vi) the Media ; and  
(g) the Director-General of the Bureau who shall be the Secretary of the Council.  
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section (2), the Council may co-opt any


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(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section (2), the Council may co-opt any  
person to attend its meeting but the person so co-opted shall not have a casting vote  
or be counted towards quorum.  
(4) The Chairman and other members of the Council shall be appointed by the  
President.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
              2007 No. 
14   Public Procurement Act  
 
 
(5) Subject to subsection (2) of this Section. a member of the Council being:  
       (a) the holder of an elective office under the Constitution of Nigeria, shall hold  
office for a period he remains so elected and no more ; and  
(b) the Director-General of the Bureau. shall hold office on such terms and  
conditions as may be specified in his letter of appointment.  
2. The Council shall:


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conditions as may be specified in his letter of appointment.  
2. The Council shall:  
(a) consider, approve and amend the monetary and prior review thresholds for  
the application of the provisions of this Act by procuring entities  
(b) consider and approve policies on public procurement ;  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Functions of  
the Council.


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(c) approve the appointment of the Directors of the Bureau  
(d) receive and consider, for approval, the audited accounts of the Bureau of  
Public Procurement; and  
(e)  "approve changes in the procurement process to adapt to improvements in  
modern technology"  
(f)  give such other directives and perform such other functions as may be  
necessary to achieve the objectives of this Act.  
PART II-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT  
3 .. -(1) There is established an agency to be known as the Bureau of Public  
Procurement in this Act referred to as "the Bureau".  
(2) The Bureau:  
(a) shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal  
      (b) may sue and be sued in its corporate name ; and


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(b) may sue and be sued in its corporate name ; and  
(c)  may acquire, hold or dispose of any property, movable or immovable for the  
purpose of carrying out any of its functions under this Act.  
4. The objectives of the Bureau are:  
(a) the harmonization of existing government policies and practices on public  
procurement and ensuring probity, accountability and transparency in the  
procurement process ;  
(b)  the establishment of pricing standards and benchmarks;  
(c) ensuring the application off air, competitive, transparent, value-for-money standards  
and practices for the procurement and disposal of public assets and services ; and  
(d)  the attainment of transparency, competitiveness, cost effectiveness and  
professionalism in the public sector procurement system.


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professionalism in the public sector procurement system.  
5. The Bureau shall:  
(a) formulate the general policies and guidelines relating to public sector  
procurement for the approval of the Council;  
(b) publicize and explain the provisions of this Act;  
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act               2007 No.14  
 
 
(c) subject to thresholds as may be set by the Council, certify Federal procurement  
prior to the award of contract ;  
(d)  supervise the implementation of established procurement policies ;  
(e) monitor the prices of tendered items and keep a national database of standard  
prices ;  
(f)  publish the details of major contracts in the procurement journal ;  
(g) publish paper and electronic editions of the procurement journal and maintain


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(g) publish paper and electronic editions of the procurement journal and maintain  
an archival system for the procurement journal ;  
(h) maintain a national database of the particulars and classification and  
categorization of federal contractors and service providers ;  
(i) collate and maintain in an archival system, all federal procurement plans and  
information ;  
(j) undertake procurement research and surveys :


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(k) organize training and development programmes for procurement professionals;  
(l)  periodically review the socio-economic effect of the policies on procurement  
and advise the Council accordingly;  
(m) prepare and update standard bidding and contract documents ;  
(n)  prevent fraudulent and unfair procurement and where necessary apply  
administrative sanctions ;  
(o) review the procurement and award of contract procedures of every entity to  
which this Act applies ;  
(p)  perform procurement audits and submit such report to the National Assembly  
bi-annually ;  
     (q) introduce, develop, update and maintain related database and technology;  
     (r) establish a single internet portal that shall, subject to Section 16 (21) to this


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(r) establish a single internet portal that shall, subject to Section 16 (21) to this  
Act serve as a primary and definitive source of all information on government  
procurement containing and displaying all public sector procurement information  
at all times; and  
(s) co-ordinate relevant training programs to build institutional capacity.  
6.-(1) The Bureau shall have the power to :  
(a) enforce the monetary and prior review thresholds set by the Council for the  
application of the provisions of this Act by the procuring entities ;  
(b) subject to the paragraph (a) of this subsection, issue certificate of "No  
Objection" for Contract Award" within the prior review threshold for all  
procurements within the purview of this Act:


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procurements within the purview of this Act:  
(c) from time to time stipulate to all procuring entities, the procedures and  
documentation pre-requisite for the issuance of Certificate of ' No Objection' under  
this Act;  
(d) where a reason exist :  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2007 No. 14   Public Procurement Act  
 
(i)  cause to be inspected or reviewed any procurement transaction to ensure  
compliance with the provisions of this Act,  
(ii)  review and determine whether any procuring entity has violated any  
provision of this Act;  
(e) debar any supplier, contractor or service provider that contravenes any  
provision of this Act and regulations made pursuant to this Act;  
(f) maintain a national database of federal contractors and service providers


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(f) maintain a national database of federal contractors and service providers  
and to the exclusion of all procuring entities prescribe classifications and  
categorizations for the companies on the register ;  
(g) maintain a list of firms and persons that have been debarred from participating  
in public procurement activity and publish them in the procurement journal ;  
(h) call for such information, documents, records and reports in respect of any  
aspect of any procurement proceeding where a breach, wrongdoing, default,  
Powers of the 
Bureau.


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mismanagement and or collusion has been alleged, reported or proved against a  
procuring entity or service provider ;  
(i)  recommend to the Council, where there are persistent or serious breaches of  
this Act or regulations or guidelines made under this Act for :  
(i)  the suspension of officers concerned with the procurement or disposal  
proceeding in issue ;  
(ii)  the replacement of the head or any of the members of the procuring or  
disposal unit of any entity or the Chairperson of the Tenders Board as the case  
may be ;  
(iii)  the discipline of the Accounting Officer of any procuring entity;  
(iv)  the temporary transfer of the procuring and disposal function of a  
procuring and disposing entity to a third party procurement agency or  
consultant ; or


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procuring and disposing entity to a third party procurement agency or  
consultant ; or  
(v)  any other sanction that the Bureau may consider appropriate;  
(j)  call for the production of books of accounts, plans, documents, and examine  
persons or parties in connection with any procurement proceeding ;  
(k) act upon complaints in accordance with the procedures set out in this Act ;  
(l) nullify the whole or any part of any procurement proceeding or award which  
is in contravention of this Act ;  
(m) do such other things as are necessary for the efficient performance of its  
functions under this Act ;  
(2) The Bureau shall serve as the Secretariat for the Council.  
(3) The Bureau shall, subject to the approval of the Council, have power to


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(3) The Bureau shall, subject to the approval of the Council, have power to  
(a) enter into contract or partnership with any company, firm or person which in  
its opinion will facilitate the discharge of its functions;  
(b) request for and obtain from any procurement entity information including  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act   
2007 No. 14  
 
  
reports, memoranda and audited accounts, and other information relevant to its  
functions under this Act ; and  
(c) liaise with relevant bodies or institutions national and international for  
effective performance of its functions under this Act.  
7.-(1) There shall be for the Bureau, a Director-General who shall be appointed  
by the President, on the recommendation of the Council after competitive selections.


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by the President, on the recommendation of the Council after competitive selections.  
(2) The Director-General shall be :  
(a) the Chief Executive and accounting officer of the Bureau;  
(b) responsible for the execution of the policy and day to day administration of  
the affairs of the Bureau; and  
(c) a person who possesses the relevant and adequate professional qualification  
and shall have been so qualified for a period of not less than 15 years.  
(3) The Director-General shall hold office:  
 
 
 
 
 
Director-  
General and  
staff of the  
Bureau.


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(a) for a term of 4 years in the first instance and may be re-appointed for a further  
term of 4 years and no more ; and  
(b) on such terms and conditions as may be specified in his letter of appointment.  
(4) Without prejudice to the provisions of this Act, the Director-General of the  
Bureau may be removed from office at the instance of the President on the basis of  
gross misconduct of financial impropriety, fraud, and manifested incompetence proven  
by the Council.  
8.-(1) The Council shall appoint the principal officers for the Bureau after  
competitive selection process.  
(2) The principal officers appointed under Section 9(1) of this Section shall each  
have the requisite qualification and experience required for the effective performance


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have the requisite qualification and experience required for the effective performance  
of the functions of their respective Departments and the Bureau as specified under  
this Act.  
(3) The Council shall have power to modify the operational structure of the  
Bureau as may be necessary to enhance the Bureau's duties and functions under this  
Act.  
 
 
9.-(1) The Council may appoint such officers and other employees as may,  
from time to time, deem necessary for the purposes of the Bureau.   
 
(2) Subject to the Pension Reform Act, the terms and conditions of service  
(including remuneration, allowances, benefits and pensions) of officers and employees  
of the Bureau shall be as determined by the Council.


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of the Bureau shall be as determined by the Council.  
(3) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection this Section, the Council  
shall have power to appoint either on transfer or on secondment from any public  
service in the Federation, such number of employees as may, be required to assist the  
Bureau in the discharge of any of its functions under the Act and persons so employed  
shall be remunerated (including allowances) as the Council may consider appropriate.  
 
 
 
            2007 No. 14   Public Procurement Act  
 
 
10 .-(1) The Council may, subject to the provisions of this Act and within six  
months of the inauguration, make staff  regulations relating generally to the conditions  
of service of the employees of the Bureau and without prejudice to the foregoing,


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of service of the employees of the Bureau and without prejudice to the foregoing,  
such regulations may provide for :  
(a) the appointment, promotion and disciplinary control (including dismissal)  
of employees of the Bureau; and  
(b) appeals by such employees against dismissal or other disciplinary measures.  
(2) Until such regulations are made, any instrument relating to the conditions of  
service of officers in the civil service of the Federation shall be applicable.  
11. Employees of the Bureau shall be entitled to pensions, and other retirement  
benefits as prescribed under the Pension Act.  
12 .--- (1) The Bureau shall establish and maintain a Fund, to be approved by the  
Council into which shall be paid and credited:  
Staff  
Regulations.


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Council into which shall be paid and credited:  
Staff  
Regulations.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension  
provisions.  
 
Funds of the  
Bureau.


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(a) the sums appropriated by the National Assembly for the running of the  
Bureau;  
(b) all subventions, fees and charges for services rendered or publications  
made by the Bureau; and  
(c) all other assets which may, from time to time, accrue to the Bureau.  
(2) The Bureau shall charge its fund to meet all its expenditure.  
(3) The Council may make regulations for the Bureau:  
(a) specifying the manner in which assets or the fund of the Bureau are to be  
held, and regulating the making of payment into and out of the fund; and  
(b) requiring the keeping of proper accounts and records for the purposes of  
the fund in such form as may be specified in the rules.  
(4) The Bureau may, from time to time, apply the proceeds of the fund for:


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(4) The Bureau may, from time to time, apply the proceeds of the fund for:  
        (a) the cost of administration of the Bureau;  
(b) the payments of salaries, fees and other remuneration, employees of the  
Bureau or experts or professionals appointed by the Bureau;  
(c) the maintenance of any property acquired by or vested in the Bureau; and  
        (d) any matter connected with all or any of the functions of the Bureau under  
this Act.  
(e) the payments of salaries, fees and other remuneration, of employees of the  
Bureau or experts or professionals appointed by the Bureau; and  
(f)  any expenditure connected with all or any of the functions of the Bureau  
under this Act.  
13 .-(1) The financial year of the Bureau shall be the same as that of the Federal  
Government.


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13 .-(1) The financial year of the Bureau shall be the same as that of the Federal  
Government.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act   2007 No. 14  
 
(2) Not later than 6 months before the end of the financial year, the Bureau shall  
submit to the Council an estimate of its expenditure and projected income during the  
next succeeding year.  
(3) The Bureau shall keep proper accounts and records of its receipts, payments,  
assets and liabilities and shall in respect of each financial year prepare a statement of  
account in such form as the Council may direct.  
(4) The Bureau shall within 6 months after the end of the financial year to which  
the accounts relate cause the accounts to be audited in accordance with guidelines


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the accounts relate cause the accounts to be audited in accordance with guidelines  
supplied by the Auditor-General of the Federation.  
(5) The Bureau shall at the end of each financial year, prepare and submit to the  
Council a report in such form as shall accurately capture all the activities of the Bureau  
during the preceding year and shall include in the report a copy of the audited accounts  
of the Bureau for that year.  
Legal 
proceedings.


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14 .-(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, no suit shall be commenced  
against the Bureau before the expiration of 30 days after written notice of an intention  
to commence the suit shall have been served upon the Bureau by the intending plaintiff  
or his agent; and the notice shall clearly and explicitly state  
(a) the cause of action ;  
(b) the particulars of the claim  
(c) the name and address of legal practitioner of the intending plaintiff; and  
(d) the relief being sought.  
(2) The Director-General of the Bureau, its officers, employees or agents shall  
not personally be subject to any action, claim or demand by, or liable to any person in  
respect of anything done or omitted to be done in exercise of any functions or power


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respect of anything done or omitted to be done in exercise of any functions or power  
conferred by this Act upon the Bureau, its Director-General, officers, employees or  
agents.  
(3) A member of the Bureau or the Director-General or any officer or employee of  
the Bureau shall be indemnified out of the assets of the Bureau against any liability  
incurred by him in defending any proceeding, whether civil or criminal, if the proceeding  
is brought against him in his capacity as a member, Director-General, officer or other  
employee of the Bureau.  
(4) A notice, summons or other documents required or authorized to be served  
upon the Bureau under the provisions of this Act or any other law or enactment may be


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upon the Bureau under the provisions of this Act or any other law or enactment may be  
served by delivering it to the Director-General or by sending it by registered post and  
addressed to the Director-General at the principal office of the Bureau.  
PART III-SCOPE OF APPLICATION  
 
15 .-(1 ) The provisions of this Act shall apply to all procurement of goods,  
works, and services carried out by :  
(a) the Federal Government of Nigeria and all procurement entities;  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         2007 No. 14        Public Procurement Act  
 
 
(b) all entities outside the foregoing description which derive at least 35% of  
the funds appropriated or proposed to be appropriated for any type of procurement


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the funds appropriated or proposed to be appropriated for any type of procurement  
described in this Act from the Federation share of Consolidated Revenue Fund.  
(2) The provisions of this. Act shall not apply to the procurement of special  
goods, works and services involving national defence or national security unless the  
President's express approval has been first sought and obtained.  
PART IV-FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES FOR PROCUREMENTS  
16 .-(1) Subject to any exemption allowed by this Act, all public procurement  
shall be conducted :  
(a) subject to the prior review thresholds as may from time to time be set by the  
Bureau pursuant to Section 7(1) (a)-(b) ;  
(b) based only on procurement plans supported by prior budgetary


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Bureau pursuant to Section 7(1) (a)-(b) ;  
(b) based only on procurement plans supported by prior budgetary  
appropriations and no procurement proceedings shall be formalized until the  
Fundamental  
Principles for  
procurement.


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procuring entity has ensured that funds are available to meet the obligations and  
subject to the threshold in the regulations made by the Bureau, has obtained a  
"Certificate of ‘No Objection’ to Contract Award" from the Bureau;  
(c) by open competitive bidding;  
(d)  in a manner which is transparent, timely, equitable for ensuring accountability  
and conformity with this Act and regulations deriving therefrom ;  
(e) with the aim of achieving value for money and fitness for purpose;  
(f) in a manner which promotes competition, economy and efficiency; and  
     (g) in accordance with the procedures and timeline laid down in this Act and as  
may be specified by the Bureau from time to time.  
(2) Where the Bureau has set prior review thresholds in the procurement


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(2) Where the Bureau has set prior review thresholds in the procurement  
regulations, no funds shall be disbursed from the Treasury or Federation Account or  
any bank account of any procuring entity for any procurement falling above the set  
thresholds unless the cheque, payments or other form of request for payments is  
accompanied by a certificate of "No Objection" to an award of contract duly issued  
by the Bureau.   
(3) For all cases where the Bureau shall set a prior review threshold, the Bureau  
shall prescribe by regulation, guidelines and the conditions precedent to the award of  
Certificate of "No Objection" under this Act.  
(4) Subject to the prior review thresholds as may be set by the Bureau, any


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(4) Subject to the prior review thresholds as may be set by the Bureau, any  
procurement purported to be awarded without a "Certificate of ' No Objection' to  
Contract Award" duly issued by the Bureau shall be null and void.  
(5) A supplier, contractor or service provider may be a natural person, a legal  
person or a combination of the two. Suppliers, contractors or service providers acting  
jointly are jointly and severally liable for all obligations and or responsibility arising  
from this Act and the non-performance or improper performance of any contract  
awarded pursuant to this Act.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
              Public Procurement Act           2007 
No. 14  
 
(6) All bidders in addition to requirements contained in any solicitation documents  
        shall


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No. 14  
 
(6) All bidders in addition to requirements contained in any solicitation documents  
        shall  
(a) possess the necessary:  
(i)  professional and technical qualifications to carry out particular  
procurements ;  
(ii)  financial capability;  
(iii)  equipment and other relevant infrastructure;  
(iv)  shall have adequate personnel to perform the obligations of the  
procurement contracts.  
(b) possess the legal capacity to enter into the procurement contract;  
(c) not be in receivership, the subject of any form of insolvency or bankruptcy  
proceedings or the subject of any form of winding up petition or proceedings;


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(d) have fulfilled all its obligations to pay taxes, pensions and social security  
contributions:  
(e) not have any director who has been convicted in any country for any criminal  
offence relating to fraud or financial impropriety or criminal misrepresentation or  
falsification of facts relating to any matter;  
(f)  accompany every bid with an affidavit disclosing whether or not any officer of  
the relevant committees of the procurement entity or Bureau is a former or present  
director, shareholder or has any pecuniary interest in the bidder and confirm that all  
information presented in its bid are true and correct in all particulars.  
(7) The procuring entity may require a bidder to provide documentary evidence or


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(7) The procuring entity may require a bidder to provide documentary evidence or  
other information it considers necessary as proof that the bidder is qualified in  
accordance with this Act and the solicitation documents and for this purpose any such  
requirements shall apply equally to all bidders.  
(8) Whenever it is established by a procuring entity or the Bureau that any or a 
combination of the situations set out exist, a bidder may have its bid or tender excluded  
from any particular procurement proceeding if:  
(a) there is verifiable evidence that any supplier, contractor or consultant has  
given or promised a gift of money or any tangible item, or has promised, offered or  
given employment or any other benefit, item or a service that can be quantified in


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given employment or any other benefit, item or a service that can be quantified in  
monetary terms to a current or former employee of a procuring entity or the Bureau, in  
an attempt to influence any action, or decision making of any procurement activity;  
(b) a supplier, contractor or consultant during the last three years prior to the  
commencement of the procurement proceedings in issue, failed to perform or to  
provide due care in performance of any public procurement ;  
(c)  the bidder is in receivership or is the subject of any type of insolvency  
proceedings or if being a private company under the Companies and Allied Matters  
Act, is controlled by a person or persons who are subject to any bankruptcy


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Act, is controlled by a person or persons who are subject to any bankruptcy  
proceedings or who have been declared bankrupt and or have made any compromises  
with their creditors within two calendar years prior to the initiation of the procurement  
proceeding ;    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                           2007 No. 14         Public Procurement Act  
 
(d) the bidder is in arrears regarding payment of due taxes, charges, pensions or  
social insurance contributions, unless such bidders have obtained a lawful permit  
with respect to allowance, deference of such outstanding payments or payment  
thereof in instalments ;  
(e) the bidder has been validly sentenced for a crime committed in conn ection  
with a procurement proceeding, or any other crime committed to gain financial


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with a procurement proceeding, or any other crime committed to gain financial  
profit ;  
(f)  the bidder has in its management or is in any portion owned by any person  
that has been validly sentence for a crime committed in connection with a  
procurement proceeding, or other crime committed to gain financial profit ; and  
(g) the bidder fail s to submit a statement regarding its dominating or subsidiary  
relationships with respect to other parties to the proceedings and persons acting  
on behalf of the procuring entity participating in same proceeding or whom remains  
in subordinate relationship with other participants to the proceedings.


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(9) In such cases the procuring entity shall inform the Bureau and person referred  
to in subsection (8) (a)-(g) of this Section, in writing that the bid or tender in question  
has been excluded and the grounds for the exclusion and to keep a record of same in  
the file pertaining to the public procurement proceeding in question.  
(10) All communications and documents issued by procuring entities and the  
Bureau shall be in English language.  
(11) All communications regarding any matter deriving from this Act or  
proceedings of public procurement shall be in writing or such other form as may be  
stipulated by the Bureau.  
(12) Every procuring entity shall maintain both file and electronic records of all


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stipulated by the Bureau.  
(12) Every procuring entity shall maintain both file and electronic records of all  
procurement proceedings made within each financial year and the procu rement records  
shall be maintained for a period often years from the date of the award.  
(13) Copies of all procurement records shall be transmitted to the Bureau not  
later than 3 months after the end of the financial year and shall show :  
(a) information identifying the procuring entity and the contractors  
(b) the date of the contract award ;  
(c) the value of the contract ; and  
(d) the detailed records of the procurement proceedings.  
(14) All unclassified procurement records shall be open to inspection by the  
public at the cost of copying and certifying the documents plus an administrative


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public at the cost of copying and certifying the documents plus an administrative  
charge as may be prescribed from time to time by the Bureau.  
(15) The criteria stipulated as the basis upon which suppliers or contractors  
would be evaluated shall not be changed in the course of any procurement proceeding.  
(16) The burden of proving fulfilment of the requirements for participation in  
any procurement proceeding shall lie on the supplier or contractor.  
(17) A contract shall be awarded to the lowest evaluated responsive bid from the  
bidders substantially responsive to the bid solicitation.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act   2007 No. 
14  
 
(18) Notwithstanding subsection (16) of this Section, the Bureau may refuse to


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14  
 
(18) Notwithstanding subsection (16) of this Section, the Bureau may refuse to   
issue a 'Certificate of "No Objection" to Contract Award' on the grounds that the  
price is excessive.  
(19) Pursuant to subsection (17) of this Section, the Bureau may direct either that  
the procurement proceedings be entirely cancelled or that the procuring entity conduct  
a re-tender.  
(20) Pursuant to subsection (18) of this Section, the Bureau may either direct that  
the procurement proceedings be entirely cancelled or that the procuring entity conduct  
a re-tender.  
(21) The accounting officer of a procuring entity and any office  to whom  
responsibility is delegated are responsible and accountable for any actions taken or


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responsibility is delegated are responsible and accountable for any actions taken or  
omitted to be taken either in compliance with or in contravention of this Act.


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(22) The accounting officer of a procuring entity has the responsibility to ensure  
that the provisions of this Act and the regulations laid down by the Bureau are complied  
with, and concurrent approval by any Tenders Board shall not absolve the accounting  
officer from accountability for anything done in contravention of this Act or the  
regulations laid down hereunder.  
(23) Procurement and disposal decisions of a procuring entity shall be taken in  
strict adherence to the provisions of this Act and any regulations as may from time to  
time be laid down by the Bureau.  
(24) Persons who have been engaged in preparing for a procurement or part of  
the proceedings thereof may neither bid for the procurement in question or any part


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the proceedings thereof may neither bid for the procurement in question or any part  
thereof either as main contractor or sub-contractor nor may they cooperate in any  
manner with bidders in the course of preparing their tenders.  
(25) A procuring entity shall not request or stipulate that a bidder should engage  
a particular subcontractor as a requirement for participating in any procurement  
proceedings.  
(26) All procurement contracts shall contain provisions for arbitral proceedings  
as the primary forms of dispute resolution.  
(27) The values in procurement documents shall be stated in Nigerian currency  
and where stated in a foreign currency shall be converted to Nigerian currency using


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and where stated in a foreign currency shall be converted to Nigerian currency using  
the exchange rate of the Central Bank of Nigeria valid on the day of opening a tender  
or bid.  
(28) All procurement contracts shall contain warranties for durability of goods,  
exercise of requisite skills in service provision and use of genuine materials and inputs  
in execution.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2007 No. 14   Public Procurement Act  
 
 
17. Subject to the monetary and prior review thresholds for procurements in  
this Act as may from time to time be determined by the Council, the following shall be  
the approving authority for the conduct of public procurement :  
(a) in the case of :  
(i)  a government agency parastatal, or corporation, a Parastatals Tenders  
Board ; and,


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(a) in the case of :  
(i)  a government agency parastatal, or corporation, a Parastatals Tenders  
Board ; and,  
(ii)  a ministry or extra-ministerial entity, the Ministerial Tender Board.  
18 . Subject to regulations as may from time to time be made by the Bureau  
under the direction of the Council, a procuring entity shall plan its procurement by  
(a) preparing the needs assessment and evaluation;  
(b) identifying the goods, works or services required;  
(c) carrying appropriate market and statistical surveys and on that basis prepare  
an analysis of the cost implications of the proposed procurement ;  
Approving  
authority.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Procurement  
planning.


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(d)  aggregating its requirements whenever possible, both within the procuring  
entity and between procuring entities, to obtain economy of scale and reduce  
procurement cost;  
(e) integrating its procurement expenditure into its yearly budget ;  
(f) prescribing any method for effecting the procurement subject to the necessary  
approval under this Act; and  
(g) ensuring that the procurement entity functions stipulated in this Section  
shall be carried out by the Procurement Planning Committee.  
19. Subject to regulations as may from time to time be made by the Bureau  
under direction of Council, a procuring entity shall; in implementing its procurement  
plans :  
(a) advertise and solicit for bids in adherence to this Act and guidelines as may


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plans :  
(a) advertise and solicit for bids in adherence to this Act and guidelines as may  
be issued by the Bureau from time to time;  
(b) to invite two credible persons as observers in every procurement process,  
one person each representing a recognized;  
(i)  private sector professional organisation whose expertise is relevant to  
the particular goods or service being procured, and  
(ii)  non-governmental organisation working in transparency, accountability  
and anti-corruption areas, and the observers shall not intervene in the procurement  
process but shall have right to submit their observation report to any relevant  
agency or body including their own organisations or associations;  
(c) receive, evaluate and make a selection of the bids received in adherence to


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(c) receive, evaluate and make a selection of the bids received in adherence to  
this Act and guidelines as may be issued by the Bureau from time to time;  
(d) obtain approval of the approving authority before making an award;  
(e) debrief the bid losers on request;  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act   
2007 No. 14   
 
 
 (f)  resolve complaints and disputes if any;  
(g) obtain and confirm the validity of any performance guarantee  
(h) obtain a "Certificate of 'No Objection' to Contract Award" from the Bureau  
within the prior review threshold as stipulated in Section 3 (a) of this Act ;  
(i)  execute all Contract Agreements ; and  
(j)  Announce and publicize the award in the format stipulated by this Act and


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(j)  Announce and publicize the award in the format stipulated by this Act and  
guidelines as may be issued by the Bureau from time to time.  
20 .-(1) The accounting officer of a procuring entity shall be the person charged  
with line supervision of the conduct of all procurement processes ; in the case of  
ministries the Permanent Secretary and in the case of extra-ministerial departments and  
corporations the Director-General or officer of co-ordinate responsibility.  
Accounting  
officer.  
Procurement  
planning  
committee.


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(2) The accounting officer of every procuring entity shall have overall  
responsibility for the planning of, organization of tenders, evaluation of tenders and  
execution of all procurements and in particular shall be responsible for :  
(a) ensuring compliance with the provisions of this Act by his entity and liable  
in person for the breach or contravention of this Act or any regulation made  
hereunder whether or not the act or omission was carried out by him personally or  
any of his subordinates and it shall not be material that he had delegated any  
function duty or power to any person or group of persons ;  
(b) constituting the Procurement Committee and its decisions ;  
(c)  ensuring that adequate appropriation is provided specifically for the


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(c)  ensuring that adequate appropriation is provided specifically for the  
procurement in the Federal budget ;  
(d) integrating his entity's procurement expenditure into its yearly budget ;  
(e) ensuring that no reduction of values or splitting of procurements is carried  
out such as to evade the use of the appropriate procurement method ;  
(f) constituting the Evaluation Committee ;  
(g) liaising with the Bureau to ensure the implementation of its regulations.  
21 .-(1) For each financial year each procuring entity shall establish a  
Procurement Planning Committee.  
(2) The Procurement Planning Committee shall consist of  
(a) the accounting officer of the procuring entity or his representative who shall  
chair the Committee ;  
(b) a representative of :


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chair the Committee ;  
(b) a representative of :  
(i)  the procurement unit of the procuring entity who shall be the Secretary,  
(ii)  the unit directly in requirement of the procurement,  
(iii)  the financial unit of the procuring entity,  
(iv)  the planning, research and statistics unit of the procuring entity,  
(v)  technical personnel of the procuring entity with expertise in the subject  
matter for each particular procurement, and  
(vi)  the legal unit of the procuring entity.  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2007 No. 14  
Public Procurement Act  
 
22 .-(1) There is hereby established by this Act in each  procuring entity a  
tenders board (in this Act referred to as "the Tenders Board").  
(2) Subject to the approval of the Council, the Bureau shall. from time to time,


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(2) Subject to the approval of the Council, the Bureau shall. from time to time,  
prescribe guidelines for the membership of the Tenders Board.  
(3) The Tenders Board shall be responsible for the award of procurements of  
goods, works and services within the threshold set in the regulations.  
(4) In all cases where there is a need for pre-qualification, the Chairman of  the  
Tenders Board shall constitute a technical evaluation sub-committee of  the Tenders  
Board charged with the responsibility for the evaluation of bids which shall be made  
up of professional staff of the procuring entity and the Secretary of the Tenders  
Board who shall also be the Chair of the Evaluation Sub-committee.  
 
Tenders  
board.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prequalification 
or bidders 
.


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(5) The decision of the Tenders Board shall be communicated to the Minister  
tor implementation.  
23 .-(1) Where a procuring entity has made a decision with respect to the  
 minimum qualifications of suppliers, contractors or service providers by requesting  
interested persons to submit applications, to pro-qualify, it shall set out precise criteria  
upon which it seeks to give consideration to the applications and in reaching a  
decision as to which supplier, contractor or service provider qualifies, shall apply  
only the criteria set out in the prequalification documents and no more.  
(2) Procuring entities shall supply a set of prequalification documents to each  
supplier, contractor or consultant that request them, and the price that a procuring


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supplier, contractor or consultant that request them, and the price that a procuring  
entity may charge for the prequalification documents shall reflect only the cost of  
printing and provision to suppliers or contractors and consultants.  
(3) The prequalification document shall include :  
(a) instructions to prepare and submit prequalification application  
(b) a summary of the main terms and conditions required for the procurement  
contract to be entered  into as a result of the procurement proceedings ;  
(c) any documentary evidence or other information that must be submitted by  
suppliers, contractors or consultants to demonstrate their qualifications :  
(d) the manner and place for the submission of appl ications to pro-qual ify and


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(d) the manner and place for the submission of appl ications to pro-qual ify and  
the deadline for the submission, expressed as a specific date and time which allows  
sufficient time for suppliers, contractors or consultants to prepare and submit their  
applications, taking into account the reasonable need of the procuring entity ;  
and  
(e) any other requirement that may be established by the procuring entity in  
conformity with this Act and procurement regulations relating to the preparation  
and submission of applications to pro-qualify and to the prequalification  
proceedings.  
(4) The procurement entity shall respond to any request by a supplier, contractor  
or consultant for Clarification of the prequalification documents if the request is made


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or consultant for Clarification of the prequalification documents if the request is made  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act   
2007 No. 14  
 
 
at least ten days before the deadline for the submission of applications to pre-qualify.  
(5) The response by the procuring entity shall be given within a reasonable time  
and in any event within a period of at most seven working days so as to enable the  
supplier, contractor or consultant to make a timely submission of its application to pre-  
qualify.  
(6) The response to any request that might reasonably be expected to be of  
interest to other supplier, contractor or consultant shall, without identifying the source  
of the request, be communicated to other suppliers or contractors or consultants


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of the request, be communicated to other suppliers or contractors or consultants  
provided with the prequalification documents by the procuring entity.  
(7) A procuring entity shall promptly notify each supplier, contractor or consultant  
which submitted an application to pre-qualify of whether or not it has been pre-qualified


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and shall make available to any member of the general public upon request, the names  
of the suppliers, contractors or consultants who have been pre-qualified.  
(8) Suppliers, contractors or consultants who have been pre-qualified may  
participate further in the procurement proceedings.  
(9) The procuring entity shall upon request communicate to suppliers, contractors  
or consultants who have not been pre-qualified, the grounds for disqualification.  
(10) The procuring entity may require a supplier, contractor or service provider  
who has been pre-qualified to demonstrate its qualifications again in accordance with  
the same criteria used to pre-qualify the supplier, contractor or consultant.  
(11) The procuring entity shall promptly notify each supplier, contractor or service


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(11) The procuring entity shall promptly notify each supplier, contractor or service  
provider requested to demonstrate its qualifications again whether or not the supplier,  
contractor or consultant has done so to the satisfaction of the procuring entity.  
(12) The procuring entity shall disqualify any supplier, contractor or service  
provider who fails to demonstrate its qualification again if requested to do so.  
PART VI-PROCUREMENT METHODS (GOODS AND SERVICES)  
24 .-(1) Except as provided by this Act, all procurements of goods and works  
by all procuring entities shall be conducted by open competitive bidding.  
(2) Any reference to open competitive bidding in this Act means the process by


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(2) Any reference to open competitive bidding in this Act means the process by  
which a procuring entity based on previously defined criteria, effects public procurements  
by offering to every interested bidder, equal simultaneous information and opportunity  
to offer the goods and works needed.  
(3) The winning bid shall be that which is the lowest evaluated responsive bid  
which has been responsive to the bid with regards to work specification and standard.  
25. -(1) Invitations to bid may be either by way of National Competitive Bidding  
or International Competitive Bidding and the Bureau shall from time to time set the  
monetary thresholds for which procurements shall fall under either system.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2007 No. 
14   Public Procurement Act


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2007 No. 
14   Public Procurement Act  
 
 
(2)  Every invitation to an open competitive bid shall:  
(i)  in the case of goods and works under International Competitive Bidding, the  
invitation for bids shall be advertised in at least two national newspapers and one  
relevant internationally recognised publication, any official websites of the  
procuring entity and the Bureau as well as the procurement journal not less than  
six weeks before the deadline for submission of the bids for the goods and works,  
(ii)  in the case of goods and works valued under National Competitive Bidding,  
the invitation for bids shall be advertised on the notice board of the procuring


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the invitation for bids shall be advertised on the notice board of the procuring  
entity, any official web sites of the procuring entity, at least two national newspapers,  
and in the procurement journal not less than six weeks before the deadline for  
submission of the bids for the goods and works.  
Open  
competitive  
bidding.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Invitations to 
bid. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bid security.


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26 .-(1) Subject to the monetary and prior review thresholds as may from time  
to time be set by the Bureau all procurements valued in excess of the sums prescribed  
by the Bureau shall require a bid security in an amount not more than 2% of the bid  
price by way of a bank guarantee issued by a reputable bank acceptable to the  
procuring entity.  
(2) The Bureau shall from time to time specify the principal terms and conditions  
of the required bid security in the tender documents.  
(3) When the procuring entity requires suppliers or contractors submitting  
tenders to provide a bid security the requirement shall apply to each supplier or  
contractor.  
 
27 .-(1) All bids in response to an invitation to open competitive bidding shall


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contractor.  
 
27 .-(1) All bids in response to an invitation to open competitive bidding shall  
be submitted in writing and in addition to any other format stipulated in the tender  
documents, signed by an official authorized to bind the bidder to a contract and  
placed in a sealed envelop.  
(2) All submitted bids shall be deposited in a secured tamper-proof bid-box.  
          (3) All bids submitted shall be in English language.  
(4) The procuring entity shall issue a receipt showing the date and time the bid  
was delivered.  
(5) Any bid received after the deadline for the submission of bids shall not be  
opened and must be returned to the supplier or contractor which submitted it.  
(6) No communication shall take place between procuring entities and any


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(6) No communication shall take place between procuring entities and any  
supplier or contractor after the publication of a bid solicitation other than as provided  
in this Act.  
 
28 . A procuring entity may :  
(a) reject all bids at any time prior to the acceptance of a bid, without incurring  
thereby any liability to the bidders ; and  
(b) cancel the procurement proceedings in the public interest, without incurring  
any liability to the bidders.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Public Procurement Act   
2007 No. 14  
 
29 .-(1) The period of validity for a bid shall be the period specified in the tender  
documents.  
(2) A procuring entity may request suppliers or contractors to extend the period  
of validity for an additional specified period of time.


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of validity for an additional specified period of time.  
(3) A supplier or contractor may refuse the request for the extension of bid, in  
which case the effectiveness of its bid will terminate upon the expiration of the un-  
extended period of effectiveness.  
(4) A supplier or contractor may modify or withdraw its bid prior to the deadline  
for the submission of bids.  
.  
Validity  
period 0f  
bids,  
modification  
and  
withdrawal of  
tenders. 
 
 
 
 
 
Bid opening


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(5) The modification or notice of withdrawal is effective if it is received by the  
procurement entity before the deadline for the submission of tenders.  
30. All bids shall be submitted before the deadline or date specified in the tender .  
documents or any extension of the deadline for submission and the procuring entity  
shall:  
(a) permit attendees to examine the envelopes in which the bids have been  
submitted to ascertain that the bids have not been tampered with ;  
(b) cause all the bids to be opened in public, in the presence of the bidders or  
their representatives and any interested member of the public ;  
(c)  ensure that the bid opening takes place immediately following the deadline  
stipulated for the submission of bids or any extension thereof ;


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stipulated for the submission of bids or any extension thereof ;  
(d)  ensure that a register is taken of the names and addresses of all those present  
at the bid opening and the organizations they represent which is recorded by the  
Secretary of the tenders board ; and  
(e) call-over to the hearing of all present, the name and address of each bidder,  
the total amount of each bid, the bid currency and shall ensure that these details are  
recorded by the Secretary of the Tenders board or his delegate in the minutes of the  
bid opening.  
31 . -(1) All bids shall be first examined to determine if they :  
(a) meet the minimum eligibility requirements stipulated in the bidding documents  
(b) have been duly signed ;  
(c) are substantially responsive to the bidding documents ; and


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(b) have been duly signed ;  
(c) are substantially responsive to the bidding documents ; and  
(d)  are generally in order.  
(2) A procuring entity may ask a supplier or a contractor for clarification of its bid  
submission in order to assist in the examination, evaluation and comparison of bids.  
(3) The following shall not be sought, offered or permitted  
(a) changes in prices ;  
(b) changes of substance in a bid ; and  
(c)  changes to make an unresponsive bid responsive.    
 
 
       2007 No. 14                  
Public Procurement Act  
 
(4) Notwithstanding sub-Section (3) of this Section, the procuring entity may  
correct purely arithmetical errors that are discovered during the examination of tenders.


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correct purely arithmetical errors that are discovered during the examination of tenders.  
(5) The procuring entity shall give prompt notice of the correction to the supplier  
or contractor that submitted the tender.  
(6) A major deviation shall result in a rejection of bid while a minor deviation  
shall be subject to clarification.


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(7) The following shall be considered as major deviations  
(a) with respect to clauses in an offer  
(i)  unacceptable sub-contracting,  
(ii)  unacceptable time schedule if time is of essence,  
(iii)  unacceptable alternative design, and  
(iv)  unacceptable price adjustment.  
(b) with respect to the status of the bidder  
(i)  the fact that he is ineligible or not pre-qualified, and  
(ii)  the fact that he is uninvited ;  
(c) with respect to bid documents an unsigned bid  
(d) with respect to time, date and location for submission  
(i)  any bid received after the date and time for submission stipulated in the  
solicitation document,  
(ii)  any bid submitted at the wrong location.  
(8) In cases of major deviations, bids shall not be considered any further and,


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(8) In cases of major deviations, bids shall not be considered any further and,  
where unopened, shall be returned as such to the bidder.  
(9) In all cases of rejection, a letter stipulating the reasons for rejection shall be  
sent, and the bidder shall not be permitted to amend his bid to become compliant.  
(10) Subject to any provision to the contrary, the following shall be considered  
as minor deviations :  
(a) the use of codes :  
(b) the difference in standards  
(c) the difference in materials  
(d) alternative design ;  
(e) alternative workmanship  
(f)  modified liquidated damages  
(g) omission in minor items ;  
(h) discovery of arithmetical errors  
(i)  sub-contracting that is unclear and questionable  
(j)  different methods of construction ;


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(j)  different methods of construction ;  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act    2007 No. 14  
 
  
(k) difference in final delivery date ;  
(l)  difference in delivery schedule ;  
(m) completion period where these are not of essence  
(n)  non-compliance with some technical local regulation  
(o) payment terms ; and


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(p) any other condition that has little impact on the bid.  
(11) In cases not mentioned above and where there exists a doubt as to whether  
a particular condition in a bid is a major or a minor deviation, the following rules shall  
apply:  
(a) where the impact on the costs is major, it shall be regarded as a major deviation ;  
and  
(b) where the impact on the costs is minor, it shall be regarded as a minor deviation.  
(12) In cases of minor deviations, written clarification may be obtained from the  
supplier or contractor and, where applicable, an offer made for the correction of the  
minor deviation.  
(13) Where a supplier or contractor does not accept the correction of a minor  
deviation, his bid shall be rejected.


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(13) Where a supplier or contractor does not accept the correction of a minor  
deviation, his bid shall be rejected.  
(14) At the stage of evaluation and comparison, all minor deviations shall be  
quantified in monetary terms.  
(15) For the rejection of a bid, a written notice shall be given promptly to the  
supplier.  
32 .-(1)  For the evaluation and comparison of bids that have been adjudged as  
valid for the purposes of evaluation, no other method or criteria shall be used except  
those stipulated in the solicitation documents.  
(2) The objective of bid evaluation shall be to determine and select the lowest  
evaluated responsive bid from bidders that have responded to the bid solicitation.  
(3) In the course of its determination of the lowest evaluated responsive bid from


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(3) In the course of its determination of the lowest evaluated responsive bid from  
the bidders that have responded to the bid solicitation the Tenders Board shall, in  
particular, undertake the following processes as applicable :  
(a) checking of deviations ;  
(b) checking of omissions with quantification of same ;  
(c) application of discounts, as applicable ;  
(d) clarification with bidders of questionable minor deviations  
(e) quantification in monetary terms of such questionable deviations  
(f)  conversion to common currency ;  
(g) calculation and tabulation of bid amount with domestic preference where  
applicable ;  
(h) determination of the lowest calculated prices in order of rank ;  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2007 No. 14   Public Procurement Act


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2007 No. 14   Public Procurement Act  
 
 
(i) post-qualification of bidders, where applicable ;  
(j) listing of rejection of bids, where applicable ;  
(k) decision of rejection of allbids where justifiable  
(l)  recommendation for award ; and .  
 .    
(m)  writing up of the bid evaluation report.  
Evaluation of bids.


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(4) All relevant factors, in addition to price, that will be considered for the  
purposes of bid evaluation and the manner in which such factors will be applied shall  
be stipulated in the.solicitation documents.  
(5) Such factors shall be calculated in monetary terms as stipulated in the  
solicitation documents and shall include :  
(a) for goods, among others, costs of transportation and insurance, payment  
schedule, delivery time, operating costs, efficiency, compatibility of the equipment,  
availability of services and spare parts, related training, safety, environmental  
benefits or losses by damages ;  
(b) for works, in addition to factors stipulated in Section 34{ I) of this Act, and  
subject to Section 34(2) of this Act, if time is a critical factor, the value of early


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subject to Section 34(2) of this Act, if time is a critical factor, the value of early  
completion ; and  
(c) the value of early completion under Section 35(2) of this Act shall not be  
taken into account unless, in conformity with criteria pre-set in the bidding  
documents, the conditions of contract provide for commensurate penalties in case,  
oflate delivery.  
(6) When bid prices are expressed in two or more currencies, the prices of all  
bids shall be converted to Nigerian currency, according to the rate and date of rate  
specified in the solicitation documents.  
(7) If suppliers were pre-qualified, verification of the information provided in  
the submission for prequalification shall be confirmed at the time of award of contract


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the submission for prequalification shall be confirmed at the time of award of contract  
. and award may be denied to a bidder who no longer has the capability or resources to  
successfully perform the contract.  
(8) After opening of bids, information relating to the examination, clarification  
and evaluation of bids and recommendations concerning award shall not be disclosed  
to bidders or to persons not officially concerned with the evaluation process until the  
successful bidder is notified of the award.  
33 .-(1)The successful bid shall be that submitted by the lowest cost bidder  
from the bidders responsive as to the bid solicitation.  
(2) Notwithstanding subsection of this Section, the selected bidder needs not


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(2) Notwithstanding subsection of this Section, the selected bidder needs not  
be the lowest cost bidder provided the procuring entity can show good grounds  
derived from the provisions of this Act to that effect.  
(3) Notice of the acceptance of the bid shall immediately be given to the  
successful bidder.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act      
2007 No. 14   
 
 
34 .-(1 ).A procuring entity may grant a margin of preference in the evaluation of  
tenders, when comparing tenders from domestic bidders with those from foreign bidders  
or when comparing tenders from domestic suppliers offering goods manufactured  
locally with those offering goods manufactured abroad.  
Acceptance  
of bids.  
 
Domestic 
preferences.


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(2) Where a procuring entity intends to allow domestic preferences, the bidding  
documents shall clearly indicate any preference to be granted to domestic suppliers  
and contractors and the information required to establish the eligibility of a bid for  
such preference.  
(3) Margins of preference shall apply only to tenders under international  
competitive bidding.  
(4) The Bureau shall by regulation from time to time set the limits and the formulae  
for the computation of margins of preference and determine the contents of goods  
manufactured locally.  
35 .-(1) In addition to any other regulations as may be prescribed by the Bureau,  
a mobilization fee of not more than 15'% may be paid to a supplier or  
contractor supported by the following .:


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a mobilization fee of not more than 15'% may be paid to a supplier or  
contractor supported by the following .:  
(a) in the case of National Competitive Bidding - an unconditional bank guarantee  
or insurance bond issued by an institution acceptable to the procuring entity ; and  
(b)  in the case of International Competitive Bidding - an unconditional bank  
guarantee issued by a banking institution acceptable to the procuring entity.  
(2) Once a mobilization fee has been paid to any supplier or contractor, no further  
payment shall be made to the supplier or contractor without an interim performance  
certificate issued in accordance with the contract agreement.  
36. The provision of a Performance Guarantee shall be a precondition for the


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36. The provision of a Performance Guarantee shall be a precondition for the  
award of any procurement contract upon which any mobilization fee is to be paid,  
provided however it shall not be less than 10% of the contract value in any case or an  
amount equivalent to the mobilization fee requested by the supplier or contractor-  
whichever is higher.  
37 .-(1) Payment for the procurement of goods, works, and services shall be  
 
settled promptly and diligently.   
(2)Any payment due for more than sixty days from the date of the submission of  
the invoice, valuation certificate or confirmation or authentication by the Ministry,  
Extra-Ministerial Office, government agency, parastatal or corporation shall be deem a  
delayed payment.


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Extra-Ministerial Office, government agency, parastatal or corporation shall be deem a  
delayed payment.  
(3) All delayed payments shall attract interest at the rate specified in the contract  
document.  
(4) All contracts shall include terms, specifying the interest for late payment of  
more than sixty days.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
             2007 No. 14   
Public Procurement Act  
        
    38. --(1) Every procuring entity shall maintain a record of the comprehensive  
procurement proceedings. 
 
(2) The portion of the record referred to in this Section shall, on request, be  
made available to :  .  
Recorded  
procurement  
proceedings 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Two stage 
tendering.


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(a) any person after a tender, proposal, offer or quotation has been accepted or  
after procurement proceedings have been terminated without resulting in a  
procurement contract; and  
(b) suppliers, contractors or consultants that submitted tenders, proposals,  
offers or quotations, or applied for prequalification, after a tender, proposal, offer  
or quotation has been accepted or procurement proceeding have been terminated  
without resulting in a procurement contract.  
(3) A disclosure of procurement proceeding records, prior to award of contract  
may be ordered by a court, provided that when ordered to do so by a court, the  
procurement entity shall not disclose such information, if its disclosure would  
(a) be contrary to law;  
(b) impede law enforcement; or


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(a) be contrary to law;  
(b) impede law enforcement; or  
(c) prejudice legitimate commercial interests of the parties.  
(4) The procuring entity shall not be liable to suppliers, contractors or service  
providers for damages owing solely to failure to maintain a record of the procurement  
proceedings in accordance with this Section.  
(5) The records and documents maintained by procuring entities on procurement  
shall be made available for inspection by the Bureau, an investigator appointed by the  
Bureau and the Auditor-General upon request, and where donor funds have been  
used for the procurement, donor officials shall also have access upon request to  
procurement files for the purpose of audit and review.  
PART VII-SPECIAL AND RESTRICTED METHODS OF PROCUREMENT


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procurement files for the purpose of audit and review.  
PART VII-SPECIAL AND RESTRICTED METHODS OF PROCUREMENT  
39 .-(1) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Act, the Bureau may issue  
'Certificate of No Objection' upon conditions hereinafter prescribed.  
(2) A procuring entity shall engage in procurement by two-stage tendering:  
        (a) where it is not feasible for the procuring entity to formulate detailed  
specifications for the goods or works or, in the case of services, to identify their  
characteristics and where it seeks tenders, proposals or offers on various means of  
meeting its needs in order to obtain the most satisfactory solution to its procurement  
needs;  
(b) where the character of the goods or works are subject to rapid technological


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needs;  
(b) where the character of the goods or works are subject to rapid technological  
advances ; where the procuring entity seeks to enter into a contract for research,  
experiment, study or development, except where the contract includes the production  
of goods in sufficient quantities to establish their commercial viability or to recover  
research and development costs, where the procuring entity applies this Act to  
procurement concerned with national security and determines that the selected  
method is the most appropriate method of procurement; or  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act   
2007 No. 14  
 
 
(c) where the tender proceedings have been utilized but were not successful or  
the tenders were rejected by the procuring entity under an open competitive bid


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procedure and the procuring entity considers that engaging in new tendering  
proceedings will not result in a procurement contract.  
(3) The provisions of this Act as regards the process for open competitive bidding  
shall apply to two-stage tendering proceedings except to the extent that those provisions  
vary from this Section.  
(4) The invitation documents :  
(a) shall call upon suppliers or contractors to submit, in the first stage of two-  
stage tendering proceedings, initial tenders which contain their proposals without  
a tender price ; and  
(b) may solicit proposals that relate to technical, quality or other characteristics  
of the goods, works or services as well as contractual terms and conditions of


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of the goods, works or services as well as contractual terms and conditions of  
supply and may stipulate the professional competence and technical qualifications  
of the suppliers or contractors.  
(5) The procuring entity may, in the first stage, engage in negotiations with any  
supplier or contractor whose tender has not been rejected under an open competitive  
bidding procedure with respect to any aspect of its tender.  
(6) In the second stage of the two tender proceedings the procuring entity:  
(a) shall invite suppliers or contractors whose tenders have not been rejected to  
submit final tenders with prices on a single set of specifications ;  
(b) may, in formulating the specifications, delete or modify any aspect of the


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(b) may, in formulating the specifications, delete or modify any aspect of the  
technical or quality characteristics of the goods, works or services to be procured  
together with any criterion originally set out in these documents, evaluate and  
compare tenders and ascertain the successful tender ;  
(c) may add new characteristics or criteria that conform with this Act ;  
(d) shall communicate to suppliers or contractors in the invitation to submit firm  
tenders, any deletion, modification or addition; and  
(e) may permit a supplier or contractor who does not wish to submit a final tender  
to withdraw from the tendering proceedings.  
 .  (7) The final tenders shall be evaluated and compared in order  to ascertain the  
successful tender as defined in an open competitive bid.


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successful tender as defined in an open competitive bid.  
40 .—(1) Subject to the approval by the Bureau, a procuring entity may for reasons  
of economy and efficiency engage in procurement by means of restricted tendering if:  
(a) the goods, works or services are available only from a limited number of  
suppliers or contractors;  
(b) the time and cost required to examine and evaluate a large number of tenders  
is disproportionate to the value of the goods, works or services to be procured; or  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2007 
No. 14.   Public Procurement Act  
 
 
(c) the procedure is used as an exception rather than norm.  
 
 
Restricted 
Tendering.


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(2) where a procuring entity engages in restricted tendering on the basis that:  
         (a) the good works and services are available only from a limited number of  
suppliers or contractors, it shall invite tenders from all the suppliers and contractors  
who can provide the goods, works or services ; and  
(b) the time and cost required to examine and evaluate a large number of tenders  
is disproportionate to the value of the goods, works or services, it shall select in a  
non-discriminatory manner of the number of suppliers or contractors to ensure  
effective competition ;  
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), of this Section, the procuring entity shall  
cause a notice of the selected tendering proceedings to be published in the procurement  
journal.  .


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cause a notice of the selected tendering proceedings to be published in the procurement  
journal.  .  
(4) The provisions of this Act regarding the open competitive bidding procedure  
shall apply to the selective tendering proceedings, except to the extent that those  
provisions are varied by this Section.  
41 .-(1) A procuring entity may carry out procurements by requesting for  
quotations from suppliers or contractors where the value of the goods or works to be  
procured does not exceed a sum that shall. be set in the procurement regulation.  
 
(2) Generally quotations shall be obtained from at least 3 unrelated contractors  
or suppliers.  
(3) Each contractor or supplier from whom a quotation is requested shall:


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or suppliers.  
(3) Each contractor or supplier from whom a quotation is requested shall:  
(a) be informed whether any factors other than the charges for the goods,  
works or services themselves, such as any applicable transportation and insurance  
charges, customs duties and taxes are to be included in the price; and  
(b) give only one quotation and shall not be allowed to change or vary the  
quotation.  
(4) No negotiation shall take place between a procuring entity and a contractor  
or supplier with respect to a quotation.  
(5) The procurement shall be awarded to the qualified contractor or supplier  
that gives the lowest priced responsive quotation.  .  
(6) Where the total value of the procurement is not more than a sum that shall be


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(6) Where the total value of the procurement is not more than a sum that shall be  
set in the regulation, the procurement entity may not obtain the Bureau's approval.  
42 .-(1) A procuring entity may carry out any emergency procurement where:  
       (a) goods, works or services are only available from a particular supplier or  
contractor, or if a particular supplier or contractor has exclusive rights in respect of  
the goods, works or services, and no reasonable alternative or substitute exits; or  
(b) there is an urgent need for the goods, works or services and engaging in  
tender proceedings or any other method of procurement is impractical due to  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act           
2007 No. 14  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Request for  
quotations.


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Public Procurement Act           
2007 No. 14  
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Request for  
quotations.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct  
procurement.


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unforeseeable circumstances giving rise to the urgency which is not the result of  
dilatory conduct on the part of the procuring entity;  
(c) owing to a catastrophic event, there is an urgent need for the goods, works or  
services, making it impractical to use other methods of procurement because of the  
time involved in using those methods;  
(d) a procuring entity which has procured goods, equipment, technology or  
services from a supplier or contractor, determines that:  
(i) additional supplies need to be procured from that supplier or contractor  
because of standardization,  
(ii) there is a need for compatibility with existing goods, equipment, technology  
or services, taking into account the effectiveness of the original procurement in


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or services, taking into account the effectiveness of the original procurement in  
meeting the needs of the procurement entity,  
(iii)  the limited size of the proposed procurement in relation to the original  
procurement provides justification,  
(iv)  the reasonableness of the price and the unsuitability of alternatives to  
the goods or services in question merits the decision.  
(e) the procuring entity seeks to enter into a contract with the supplier or contractor  
for research, experiment, study or development, except where the contract includes  
the production of goods in quantities to establish commercial viability or recover  
research and development costs ; or  
(f)  the procuring entity applies this Act for procurement that concerns national


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(f)  the procuring entity applies this Act for procurement that concerns national  
security, and determines that single-source procurement is the most appropriate  
method of procurement.  
(2) The procuring entity :  
(a) may procure the goods, works or services by inviting a proposal or price  
quotation from a single supplier or contractor.  
(b) shall include in the record of procurement proceedings a statement of the  
grounds for its decision and the circumstances in justification of single source  
procurement.  
43 .-(1) A procuring entity may for the purpose of this Act, carry out an emergency  
procurement where:  
(a) the country is either seriously threatened by or actually confronted with a  
disaster, catastrophe, war, insurrection or Act of God ;


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disaster, catastrophe, war, insurrection or Act of God ;  
    
(b) the condition or quality of goods, equipment, building or publicly owned  
capital goods may seriously deteriorate unless action is urgently and necessarily  
taken to maintain them in their actual value or usefulness ; or  
(c) a public project may be seriously delayed for want of an item of a minor value.  
   (2) In an emergency situation, a procuring entity may engage in direct contracting  
of goods, works and services.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
2007 No. 14   Public Procurement Act  
 
Emergency  
procurement.


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(3) All procurements made under emergencies shall be handled with expedition  
but along principles of accountability, due consideration being given to the gravity  
of each emergency.  
(4) Immediately after the cessation of the situation warranting any emergency  
procurement, the procuring entity shall file a detailed report thereof with the Bureau  
which shall verify same and if appropriate issue a Certificate of ' No Objection'.  
PART VII--PROCUREMENT OF CONSULTANT (SERVICES)  
44. Where a procuring entity wishes to procure services for its needs which are  
precise and ascertainable :  
(a) it shall solicit for expressions of interest or applications to pre-qualify to  
provide the services by publishing a notice to that effect in at least 2 national


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provide the services by publishing a notice to that effect in at least 2 national  
newspapers and the procurement journal ;  
(b) where the value of the services to be procured is less than one million naira,  
or with the approval of the Bureau, of such a low value that only national  
consultants would be interested, the procuring entity may without placing any  
notice request at least 3 and not more than 10 consultants or service providers to  
make proposals for the provision of the services in a format stipulating :  
(i)  a statement of qualifications of the consultant to provide the service;  
(ii) a statement of understanding of the procuring entity's needs;  
(iii) the methodology for providing the service;  
(iv)  the time frame for providing the service; and


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(iii) the methodology for providing the service;  
(iv)  the time frame for providing the service; and  
(v)  the cost or fee for the service.  
45 .-(1 ) A procuring entity wishing to procure services for its needs may do so  
by requesting for proposals when it intends to enter into a contract for the purpose of  
research, experiment, study or development, except where the contract includes the  
production of goods in quantities sufficient to establish their commercial viability or  
to recover research and development cost.  
(2) The procuring entities shall procure the services of consultants by soliciting  
for expressions of interest by publishing a notice to that effect in 2 national newspapers  
and the procurement journal.


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and the procurement journal.  
(3) A procuring entity may make direct requests to a limited number of consultants,  
requesting proposals for the provision of a service if:  
(a) the services are only available from no more than 3 consultants ;  
(b) the time and cost required to examine and evaluate a large number of proposals  
would be disproportionate to the value of the services to be performed, provided  
that it invites enough consultants to ensure transparent competition; or  
(c) it is in the interest of national defence and security or similar reason of  
confidential ity.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act       2007 No. 14  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expressions  
or interest to  
provide  
services for  
ascertained  
needs.


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Expressions  
or interest to  
provide  
services for  
ascertained  
needs.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Request for  
proposals to  
provide  
services for  
unascertained  
needs.


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46 .—(1) Request for proposals shall include :  
(a) the name and address of the procurement entity;  
(b) a requirement that the proposals are to be prepared in the English language;  
(c) the manner, place and deadline for the submission of proposals ;  
(d) a statement to the effect that the procuring entity reserves the right to reject  
proposals ;  
(e) the criteria and procedures for the evaluation of the qualifications of the  
consultants ;  
(f) the requirements on documentary evidence or other information that shall be  
submitted by consultants to demonstrate their qualifications ;  
(g) the nature and required characteristics of the services to be procured including  
the location where the services are to be provided and the time when the services  
are to be provided ;


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the location where the services are to be provided and the time when the services  
are to be provided ;  
(h) whether the procuring entity is seeking proposals on various possible ways  
of meeting its needs ;  
(i)  a requirement that the proposal price is to be expressed in Nigerian currency;  
(j)  the manner in which the proposal price is to be expressed, including a statement  
on whether the price covers elements apart from the cost of services, such as  
reimbursement for transportation, lodging, insurance, use of equipment, duties or  
taxes;  
(k) whether the procedure to ascertain the successful proposal shall be based  
on the lowest cost or quality and cost or a combination of the lowest cost, quality


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on the lowest cost or quality and cost or a combination of the lowest cost, quality  
and criteria other than cost but stipulated in the request for proposals ; and  
(l)  a short list to be made of only national consultants for consulting assignment,  
contract within a set threshold in the procurement regulation provided that national  
consultants possess such requisite skills.  
(2) The procuring entity shall provide the same information to every consultant  
requested to submit proposals.  
47 .-(1) A consultant shall be allowed to request for clarification on the request  
from the procuring entity and such request may be made within a reasonable time to be  
specified.  
(2) A procuring entity may, whether on its initiative or as a result of a request for


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specified.  
(2) A procuring entity may, whether on its initiative or as a result of a request for  
clarification by a consultant, modify the request for proposals by issuing an addendum  
at any time prior to the deadline for submission of proposals.  
(3) The addendum shall be communicated promptly before the deadline for the  
submission of proposals to the short listed consultants to whom the procuring entity  
has provided the request for proposals and shall be binding on those consultants.  
(4) [f the procuring entity convenes a meeting of consultants, it shall prepare  
minutes of the meeting containing the issues submitted at the meeting for clarification  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                     2007 No. 14       
Public Procurement Act  
Content of  
the requests  
for


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2007 No. 14       
Public Procurement Act  
Content of  
the requests  
for  
proposals.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Clarification  
and  
modification  
of requests  
for  
proposals


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of the request for proposal and its responses to those issues, without identifying the  
sources of the requests for clarifications.  
(5) The minutes shall be provided promptly before the deadlines for the  
submission of proposals to the consultants participating in the selection proceedings  
to enable them take the minutes into account in prepare their proposals.  
48 .-(1) The procuring entity shall allow sufficient time for the preparation and  
submission of the requested proposals but shall in no case give less than 30 days  
between the issue of the notice or request and the deadline for submission.  
(2) The technical and financial proposals shall be submitted simultaneously but  
in separate envelops.


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(2) The technical and financial proposals shall be submitted simultaneously but  
in separate envelops.  
(3) A proposal received after the deadline for submission of proposals shall be  
returned to the sender unopened.  
(4) Immediately after the deadline for submission of proposals, the technical  
proposals shall be opened for evaluation whilst the financial proposals shall remain  
sealed and kept in a secure bid-box until they are opened publicly.  
(5)The technical evaluation committee shall not have access to or insights to  
the financial proposals until the evaluations including any Tender Boards review are  
concluded.  
49 .- (1) The procuring entity shall establish criteria to evaluate the proposals


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concluded.  
49 .- (1) The procuring entity shall establish criteria to evaluate the proposals  
and prescribe the relative weight to be accorded to each criterion and the manner in  
which they are to be applied in the evaluation of :  
(a) the qualification experience reliability professional and managerial  
competence of the consultant or service provider and of the personnel to be  
involved in providing the services ;  
(b) the effectiveness of the proposal submitted by the consultant or service  
provider in meeting the needs of the procuring entity ;  
(c) the proposal price, including any ancillary or related cost;  
(d) the effect that the acceptance of the proposal will have on the balance of  
payments position and foreign reserves of the government, the extent of


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payments position and foreign reserves of the government, the extent of  
participation by local personnel, the economic development potential offered by  
the proposal, including domestic investment or other business activity, the  
encouragement of employment, the transfer of technology, the development of  
managerial, scientific and operational skills and the counter trade arrangements  
offered by consultant or service providers ; and.  
(e) national defence and security considerations.  
(2) A procuring entity may- accord a margin of preference for domestic  
consultants or service providers, which shall be calculated in accordance with the  
regulations and guidelines as issued from time to time by the Bureau and shall be  
reflected in the record of the procurement proceedings.


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reflected in the record of the procurement proceedings.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act   
2007 No. 14  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Submission 
of  
proposals. 
Criteria for  
evaluation 
of  
proposals


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50 .-(1) The procuring entity shall select the successful proposal by either  
choosing the proposal with :  
(i)  the lowest evaluated price, or  
(ii)  the best combined evaluation in terms of the general criteria set out in the  
request for proposals and the price quoted.  
(2) The procuring entity shall include in the record of procurement a statement of  
the grounds and circumstances on which it relied to select either of the procedures in  
subsection (1) of this Section.  
(3) Nothing in this Section shall prevent the procuring entity from resorting to  
the use of any impartial panel of experts to make the selection.  
51 .- (1) Where the procuring entity elects to choose the successful proposal


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51 .- (1) Where the procuring entity elects to choose the successful proposal  
based on technical and price factors, it shall establish a weight with respect to quality  
and technical price factors of the proposals in accordance with the criteria other than  
price as might have been set out in the request for proposals and rate each proposal in  
accordance with such criteria and the relative weight and manner of application of the  
criteria as stipulated in the request for proposals ; and then  
(2) The procuring entity shall compare the prices of those proposals that have  
attained a rating at or above the threshold ;  
(3) The procuring entity shall notify the consultants whose proposals did not


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(3) The procuring entity shall notify the consultants whose proposals did not  
meet the minimum qualifying mark or were non responsive to the invitation for proposals  
and terms of reference after the evaluation of quality is completed within a period of 14  
working days after the decision has been taken by the procurement entity ;  
(4) The name of the qualifying consultants, the quality scores for the technical  
component of the proposal shall be read aloud and recorded alongside the price  
proposed by each consultant or service provider when the financial proposals are  
opened ;  
(5) The procuring entity shall prepare the minutes of public opening of financial  
proposals which shall be part of the evaluation report and shall retain this record.


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proposals which shall be part of the evaluation report and shall retain this record.  
(6) The successful proposals shall be :  
(a) the proposals with the best combined evaluation in terms of the criteria  
established under subsection (1) of this Section from price in the case of quality  
and cost-based selection ;  
(b) the proposals with the lowest price in the case of least-cost selection ; or  
(c) the highest ranked technical proposal within the budget.  
(7) The Consultants with the winning proposal shall be invited for negotiations,  
which shall focus mainly on the technical proposals.  
(8) The proposed unit rates for staff-months and reimbursable shall not be  
negotiated unless there are exceptional reasons.


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negotiated unless there are exceptional reasons.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
         2007 No. 14   Public Procurement Act  
General  
selection  
procedure  
(services).  
Procedure for  
selection of  
proposal  
where price is  
a factor.


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52 .-(1)  Where the procuring entity elects to make a quality-based selection,  
based on consultant's qualifications or single-source selection, it shall engage in  
negotiations with consultants in accordance with this Section.  
(2) The procurement entity shall:  
(i)  establish a weight with respect to quality and price of the proposals;  
(ii)  invite for negotiations on the price of its proposal, the Consultant that has  
attained the best rating in accordance with subsection (1) of this Section ;  
(iii)  inform the Consultants that attained ratings above the weight that may be  
considered for negotiations if the negotiations with the consultant with the best  
rating do not result in a procurement contract; and


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rating do not result in a procurement contract; and  
(iv)  inform the Consultant with the best rating, that it is terminating the  
negotiations if it becomes apparent to the procuring entity that the negotiations  
with that Consultant, invited under subsection (b), will not result in a procurement  
contract.  
(3) The procuring entity shall, if negotiations with the consultant with the best  
rating fails, invite the Consultant that obtained the second best rating, and if the  
negotiations with that Consultant do not result in a procurement contract, the procuring  
entity shall invite the other suppliers or contractors for negotiations on the basis of  
their rating until it arrives at a contract or rejects the remaining proposals.


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their rating until it arrives at a contract or rejects the remaining proposals.  
(4) The procuring entity shall treat proposals and any negotiations on selection  
procedure as confidential and avoid the disclosure of their contents to competing  
consultants.  
PART IX-PROCUREMENT SURVEILLANCE AND REVIEW  
53 .-(1) The Bureau may review and recommend for investigation by any  
relevant authority any matter related to the conduct of procurement proceedings by a  
procuring entity, or the conclusion or operation of a procurement contract if it considers  
that a criminal investigation is necessary or desirable to prevent or detect a  
contravention of this Act.  
(2) The relevant authority may in the course of investigation :


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contravention of this Act.  
(2) The relevant authority may in the course of investigation :  
(a) require an officer, employee or agent of the procuring entity or bidder,  
supplier, contractor, or consultant to produce any books, records, accounts or  
documents ;  
(b) search premises for any books, records, accounts or documents ;  
(c) examine and make extracts from and copies of books, records, accounts or  
documents of any procuring entity, bidder, supplier, contractor or consultant ;  
  (d) remove books, records, accounts or documents of the procuring entity,  
bidder, supplier, contractor or consultant for as long as may be necessary to  
examine them or make extracts from or copies of them but the investigator shall


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examine them or make extracts from or copies of them but the investigator shall  
give a detailed receipt for the books, records, accounts or documents removed;  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act   2007 No.14  
 
Selection  
procedure  
where price is  
not a factor.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bureau to  
recommend  
investigation


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(e) require an officer, employee or agent of the procurement entity or bidder,  
suppl ier, or contractor or consultant:  
(i)  to explain an entry in the books, records, accounts 01' documents ;  
(ii)  to provide the investigator with information concerning the management or  
activities of the procurement entity or bidders as may be reasonably required;  
(f)  explain an entry in the books, records, accounts or documents; and  
(g) provide the investigator with information concerning the management or  
activities of the procurement entity or bidders as may be reasonably required.  
(3) The Bureau may, pursuant to the advice of the procuring entity, results of its  
review of a procurement or report of investigation by a relevant government agency


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review of a procurement or report of investigation by a relevant government agency  
issue a variation order requiring a contractor at his own expense to repair, replace, or to  
do anything in his or her contract left undone or found to have been carried out with  
inferior or defective materials or with less skill and expertise than required by the  
contract of award.  
(4) The Bureau shall, if satisfied that there has been a contravention of this Act  
or any regulations in relation to procurement proceedings or procurement contracts,  
take action to rectify the contravention which action shall include:  
(a) nullification of the procurement proceedings;  
(b) cancellation of the procurement contract;  
(c) ratification of anything done in relation to the proceedings; or


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(b) cancellation of the procurement contract;  
(c) ratification of anything done in relation to the proceedings; or  
(d) a declaration consistent with any relevant provisions of this Act.  
(5) On completion of the investigation, the relevant authority shall if an offence  
is disclosed, take all necessary steps to commence prosecution and inform the Bureau  
and the procurement entity accordingly, but where no offence is disclosed, the file  
shall be closed and the Bureau and procuring entity shall be duly informed.  
54 .-(1 ) A bidder may seek administrative review for any omission or breach by  
a procuring or disposing entity under the provisions of this Act, or any regulations or  
guidelines made under this Act or the provisions of bidding documents.


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guidelines made under this Act or the provisions of bidding documents.  
(2) A complaint by a bidder against a procuring or disposing entity shall first be  
submitted in writing to the accounting officer who shall:  
(a) within fifteen working days from the date the bidder first became aware of the  
circumstances giving rise to the complaint or should have become aware of the  
circumstances, whichever is earlier;  
(b) on reviewing a complaint, the accounting officer shall make a decision in  
writing within 15 working days indicating the corrective measures to be taken if  
any, including the suspension of the proceedings where he deems it necessary and  
giving reasons for his decision ; or  
(c) where the accounting officer does not make a decision within the period


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giving reasons for his decision ; or  
(c) where the accounting officer does not make a decision within the period  
specified in sub-Section (2) (b).  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2007 No. 
14   Public Procurement Act  
 
 
Administrative 
review.


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(3) The bidder is not satisfied with the decision of the accounting officer, the  
bidder may make a complaint to the Bureau within 10 working days from the date of  
communication of the decision of the accounting officer.  
    (4)  Upon receipt of a complaint, the Bureau shall promptly :  
(a) give notice of the complaint to the respective procuring or disposing entity  
and suspend any further action by the procuring or disposing entity until the  
Bureau has settled the matter ;  
(b) unless it dismisses the complaint:  
(i)  prohibit a procuring or disposing entity from taking any further action  
(ii)  nullify in whole or in part an unlawful act or decision made by the procuring  
or disposing entity ;  
(iii)  declare the rules or principles that govern the subject matter of the


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or disposing entity ;  
(iii)  declare the rules or principles that govern the subject matter of the  
complaint : and  
(iv)  revise an improper decision by the procuring or disposing entity or  
substitute its own decision for such. a decision.  
(5)  Before taking any decision on a complaint, the Bureau shall notify all interested  
bidders of the complaint and may take into account representations from the bidders  
and from the respective procuring or disposing entity.  
(6) The Bureau shall make its decision within twenty-one working days after  
receiving the complaint, stating the reasons for its decisions and remedies granted, if  
any.  
(7) Where the Bureau fails to render its decision within the stipulated time, or


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any.  
(7) Where the Bureau fails to render its decision within the stipulated time, or  
the bidder is not satisfied with decision of the Bureau, the bidder may appeal to the  
Federal High Court within 30 days after the receipt of the decision of the Bureau, or  
expiration of the time stipulated for the Bureau to deliver a decision.  
                   PART X-DISPOSAL OF PUBLIC PROPERTY  
55 .-(1) This Section shall apply subject to the Public Enterprises  
(Commercialization and Commercialization) Act 1999.  
(2) For the purposes of this Act every procuring entity shall also be disposing  
entity.  
(3) The open competitive bidding shall be the primary source of receiving offers  
for the purchase of any public property offered for sale.


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for the purchase of any public property offered for sale.  
(4) The Bureau shall, with the approval of the Council :  
(a) determine the applicable policies and practices in relation to the disposal of  
all public property;  
(b) issue guidelines detailing operational principles and organizational modalities  
to be adopted by all procuring entities engaged in the disposal of public property  
and  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act   
2007 No. 14   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Disposal 
of  
public  
property.


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(c) issue standardized document, monitor implementation, enforce compliance  
and set reporting standards that shall be used by all procuring entities involved in  
the disposal of public property.  
(5) For the purposes of this Act, public property is defined as resources in the form  
of tangible and non-tangible assets (ranging from serviceable to the unserviceable)  
(a) created through public expenditure;  
(b) acquired as a gift or through deeds ;  
(c) acquired in respect of intellectual or proprietary rights ;  
(d) acquired on financial instruments (including shares, stocks, bonds,  
etc) ; and  
(e) acquired by good will and any other gifts of the Federal Government.  
(6) The means of the disposal of public assets shall include  
(a) sale and rental ;


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(6) The means of the disposal of public assets shall include  
(a) sale and rental ;  
(b) lease and hire purchase  
(c) licenses and tenancies ;  
(d) franchise and auction ;  
(e) transfers from one government department to another with or without financial  
adjustments; and  
(f)  offer to the public at an authorized variation.  
56 .-(1) Before slating any public property for disposal, the accounting officer  
(whether acting in his own authority or at the direction of any superior or other  
authority) in charge of any public property set for disposal shall authorize the  
preparation of a valuation report for such property by an independent Evaluator, or  
such professional with the appropriate competence to carry out the valuation.


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such professional with the appropriate competence to carry out the valuation.  
(2) The disposal of assets whether or not listed in the Assets register for a  
procuring entity shall be planned and integrated into the income and expenditure  
budget projection of the procuring entity.  
(3) The disposal of assets referred to in subsection (2) of this Section shall be  
timed to take place when the most advantageous returns can be obtained for the asset  
in order to maximize revenue accruing to the government.  
(4) All procuring entities shall distribute responsibilities for the disposal of public  
property between the procurement unit and the Tenders Board.  
PART XI--CODE OF CONDUCT  
 
57 .-(1) The Bureau shall, with the approval of the Council, stipulate a Code of


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PART XI--CODE OF CONDUCT  
 
57 .-(1) The Bureau shall, with the approval of the Council, stipulate a Code of  
Conduct for all public officers, suppliers, contractors and service providers with regards  
to their standards of conduct acceptable in matters involving the procurement and  
disposal of public assets.  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                   2007 No. 14   
Public Procurement Act  
 
Planning of 
disposals. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Code of  
conduct for  
public  
procurement.


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(2) The conduct of all persons involved with public procurement, whether as  
official of the Bureau, a procuring entity, supplier, contractor or service provider shall  
at all times be governed by principles of honesty, accountability, transparency, fairness  
and equity.  
(3) All officers of the Bureau, members of Tenders Boards and other persons  
that may come to act regarding the conduct of public procurements shall subscribe to  
an oath as approved by Council.  
(4) All persons in whose hands public funds may be entrusted for whatever  
purpose should bear in mind that its utilization should be judicious.  
(5) Where a transaction involves the disposal of assets, principles of honesty,  
accountability, transparency, fairness and equity shall continue to apply to the same


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accountability, transparency, fairness and equity shall continue to apply to the same  
extent as where it involves procurement.  
(6) These principles shall apply at all times, particularly when:  
(a) making requisition for or planning of procurements ;  
(b) preparing solicitation documents;  
(c) receiving offers in response to any form of solicit at ion towards a procurement  
or disposal ;  
(d) evaluating and comparing offers confidentially and in complete neutrality;  
(e) protecting the interest of all parties without fear or favour ; and  
(f)  obviating all situations likely to render an officer vulnerable to embarrassment  
or undue influence.  
(7) All public officers shall handle public procurement and disposal of assets by


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or undue influence.  
(7) All public officers shall handle public procurement and disposal of assets by  
(a) ensuring adequate time for preparing offers;  
(b) complying with this Act and all derivative regulations; and  
(c) receiving strict confidentiality until completion of a contract.  
(8) All public officers involved in public procurement and disposal of assets  
shall maintain the highest standards of ethics in their relationships with persons real  
or corporate who seek government commerce whether as a bidder, supplier, contractor  
or service provider by developing transparent, honest and professional relationships  
with such persons.  
(9) Every public officer involved directly or indirectly in matters of public  
procurement and disposal of assets shall:


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procurement and disposal of assets shall:  
(a) divest himself of any interest or relationships which are actually or potentially  
inimical or detrimental to the best interest of government and the underlining  
principles of this Act ; and  
(b) not engage or participate in any commercial transaction involving the federal  
government, its ministries, extra-ministerial departments, corporations where his  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act  2007 No. 14


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capacity as public officer is likely to confer any unfair advantage - pecuniary or 
otherwise on him or any person directly related to him.  
(10)  Any person engaged in the public procurement and disposal of assets who  
has assumed, or is about to assume, a financial or other business outside business  
relationship that might involve a conflict of interest, must immediately declare to the  
authorities any actual or potential interest.  
(11)  Such a declaration shall be given such consideration at the relevant level as  
is necessary so that, where it is seen that remedial action is taken, a conflict of interest  
is present.  
(12)  A conflict of interest exists where a person :  
(a) possesses an interest outside his official duties that materially encroaches


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(a) possesses an interest outside his official duties that materially encroaches  
on the time or attention which should otherwise be devoted to affairs of government;  
(b) possesses a direct or indirect interest in or relationship with a bidder, supplier,  
contractor or service provider that is inherently unethical or that may be implied or  
constructed to be, or make possible personal gain due to the person's ability to  
influence dealings;  
(c) entertains relationships which are unethical, rendering his attitude partial  
toward the outsider for personal reasons or otherwise inhibit the impartiality of the  
person's business judgments ;  
(d) places by acts or omissions the procuring entity he represents or the


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person's business judgments ;  
(d) places by acts or omissions the procuring entity he represents or the  
Government in an equivocal, embarrassing or ethically questionable position;  
(e) entertains relationships compromising the reputation or integrity of the  
procuring entity he represents or the Government;  
(f)  receives benefits by taking personal advantage of an opportunity that properly  
belongs to the procuring entity he represents or the Government;  
(g) creates a source of personal revenue or advantage by using public property  
which comes into his hands either in course of his work or otherwise; and  
(h) discloses confidential information being either the property of his procuring


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(h) discloses confidential information being either the property of his procuring  
entity, the Government or to a supplier, contractor or service provider to unauthorized  
persons.  
(13) A person involved in the disposal of assets, shall not either by a third party  
or by himself be interested in any manner in buying directly or indirectly these assets  
and shall not have or obtain any type of advantage or revenue from the disposal for a  
period of three years after the disposal.  
PART XII-OFFENCES  
58 .-(1) Any natural person not being a public officer who contravenes any  
provision of this Act commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a term of  
imprisonment not less than 5 calendar years but not exceeding 10 calendar years  
without an option of fine.


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(2) Any offence in contravention of this Act shall be tried by the Federal High  
Court.  
(3) Prosecution of offences under this Act shall be instituted in the name of the  
Federal Republic of Nigeria by the Attorney-General of the Federation or such other  
officer of the Federal Ministry of Justice as he may authorize so to do, and in addition,  
without prejudice to the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999, he may:  
(a) after consultation with the Attorney-General of any state of the federation,  
authorize the Attorney-General or any other officer of the Ministry of Justice of that  
state; or  
(b) if the relevant authority so requests, authorize any legal practitioner in  
Nigeria to undertake such prosecution directly or assist therein.


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Nigeria to undertake such prosecution directly or assist therein.  
(4) The following shall also constitute offences under this Act:  
(a) entering or attempting to enter into a collusive agreement, whether enforceable  
or not, with a supplier, contractor or consultant where the prices quoted in their  
respective tenders, proposals or quotations are or would be higher than would  
have been the case has there not been collusion between the persons concerned;  
(b) conducting or attempting to conduct procurement fraud by means of  
fraudulent and corrupt acts, unlawful influence, undue interest, favour, agreement,  
bribery or corruption;  
(c)  directly, indirectly or attempting to influence in any manner the procurement


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bribery or corruption;  
(c)  directly, indirectly or attempting to influence in any manner the procurement  
process to obtain an unfair advantage in the award of a procurement contract;  
(d) splitting of tenders to enable the evasion of monetary thresholds set;  
(e) bid-rigging;  
(f) altering any procurement document with intent to influence the outcome of a  
tender proceeding;  
(g) uttering or using fake documents or encouraging their use; and  
(h) wilful refusal to allow the Bureau or its officers to have access to any  
procurement records.  
(5) Any person who while carrying out his duties as an officer of the Bureau, or  
any procuring entity who contravenes any provision of this Act commits an offence  
and is liable on conviction to a cumulative punishment of:


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and is liable on conviction to a cumulative punishment of:  
(a) a term of imprisonment of not less than 5 calendar years without any option  
of fine ; and  
(b) summary dismissal from government services.  
(6) Any legal person that contravenes any provision of this Act commits an  
offence and is liable on conviction to a cumulative penalty of :  
(a) debarment from all public procurements for a period not less than 5 calendar  
years; and  
(b) a fine equivalent to 25% of the value of the procurement in issue.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act   2007 No. 14


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(7) Where any legal person shall be convicted pursuant to subsection (4) of this  
Section, every director of the company as listed on its records at the Corporate Affairs  
Commission shall be guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction to a term of  
imprisonment not less than 3 calendar years but not exceeding 5 calendar years without  
an option of fine.  
(8) An alternation pursuant to subsection 4 (f)  shall include :  
(b) insertion of documents such as bid security or tax clearance certificate which  
were not submitted at bid opening ; and  
(c) request for clarification in a manner not permitted under this Act.  
(9) Collusion shall be presumed from a set of acts from which it can be assumed


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(9) Collusion shall be presumed from a set of acts from which it can be assumed  
that there was an understanding, implicit, formal or informal, overt or covert under  
which each person involved reasonably expected that the other would adopt a particular  
course of action which would interfere with the faithful and proper application of the  
provisions of this Act.  
(10) Bid-rigging pursuant to subsection 4(e) means an agreement between  
persons whereby :  
(a) offers submitted have been pre-arranged between them ; or  
(b) their conduct has had the effect of directly or indirectly restricting free and  
open competition, distorting the competitiveness of the procurement process and  
leading to and escalation or increase in costs or loss of value to the national treasury.


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leading to and escalation or increase in costs or loss of value to the national treasury.  
(11) For the purposes of the presumption under Section 51 (7) of this Section,  
consideration shall be given to a suspect's ability to control the procurement  
proceedings or to control a solicitation or the conditions of the contract in question,  
whether total or partial.  
(12) For the purposes of Section 59 (5) of this Section, it shall be sufficient to  
prove that a reasonable business person should have known that his action would  
result in his company or firm having an undue advantage over other bidders to the  
detriment of the national treasury.  
PART XIII-MISCELLANEOUS  
59 .-(1) The fixing of the seal of the Bureau shall be authenticated by the signature


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PART XIII-MISCELLANEOUS  
59 .-(1) The fixing of the seal of the Bureau shall be authenticated by the signature  
of the Chairman, the Director-General or of any other person authorized generally or  
 specially to act for that purpose by the Council.  :  
(2) Any contract or instrument which, if made or executed by a person not being  
a body corporate, would not be required to be under seal may be made or executed on  
 behalf of the Bureau by the Director-General or any person generally or specially  
authorized to act for that purpose by the Council.  
(3) Any document purporting to be a document duly executed under the seal of  
the Bureau shall be received in evidence and shall, unless and until the contrary is  
proved, be presumed to be so executed.


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proved, be presumed to be so executed.  
(4) The validity of any proceeding of Council or of a committee thereof shall not  
be adversely affected by any vacancy in the membership of the Council or committee,  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2007 No. 14   Public Procurement Act  
 
 
Miscellaneous.


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or by any defect in the appointment of a member of the Council or of a Committee. or  
by reason that a person not entitled to do so took part in the proceedings of the  
Council or Committee.  
60 . In this Act:  
"Accounting officer" means the person charged with line supervision of the  
conduct of all procurement processes ;  
"Approving authority" means the person charged with overall responsibility  
for the functioning of a ministry, extra-ministerial department or corporation;  
"Assets" includes tangible and intangible things which have been or may be  
sold or procured for consideration;  
"Bid security" means a form of security assuring the bidder "hall not withdraw  
a bid within the period specified for acceptance and shall execute a written contract


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a bid within the period specified for acceptance and shall execute a written contract  
within the time specified in the bid;  
"Debar" means the placing of a firm company or natural person on a list of  
person ineligible to participate in any procurement proceedings under this Act;  
"Certificate of' No Objection" means the document evidencing and  
authenticating that due process and the letters of this Act have been followed in  
the conduct of a procurement proceeding and allowing for the procuring entity to  
enter into contract or effect payments to contractors or suppliers from the Treasury ;  
"Contract" means an agreement entered in writing;  
"Contractor or supplier" means any potential party to a procurement contract


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"Contractor or supplier" means any potential party to a procurement contract  
with the procuring entity and includes any corporation, partnership, individual,  
sole proprietor, joint stock company, joint venture or any other legal entity through  
which business is conducted ;  
"Excessive price" means a monetary value proposed by a bidder for any  
procurement which is in the estimation of the Bureau unreasonable and injudicious  
after consideration of the actual value of the item in question plus all reasonable  
imputations of cost and profit;  
"Goods" means objects of every kind and description including raw materials,  
products and equipment and objects in solid, liquid or gaseous form and electricity  
as well as services incidental to the supply of the goods;


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as well as services incidental to the supply of the goods;  
"Interim Performance  Certificates" means evidence that a contractor or supplier  
as performed its obligations under a procurement contract up to a level stipulated  
by the contractor but not meaning completion;  
"International Competitive Bidding" means the solicitation of bids from both  
domestic and foreign contractors and suppliers;  
"Lowest evaluated responsive bid" is the lowest price bid amongst the bids  
that meets all the technical requirements and standards as contained in the tender  
document.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public Procurement Act   2007 
No. 14  
 
 
Interpretati 
on


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"Margin Of  Preference" means the extra mark up on price allowed any domestic  
contractor or supplier bidding under International Competitive Bidding without  
being otherwise disadvantageous to the bid in terms of price ;  
"Minor Value" means a monetary value which is not in excess of the monetary  
thresholds set for any approving authority by the Bureau;  
"Monetary Threshold" means the value limit in Naira set by the Bureau outside  
of which an approving authority may not award a procurement contract;  
"National Competitive Bidding" means the solicitation of bids from domestic  
contractors and suppliers registered or incorporated to carry on business under  
Nigeria Law;  
"Negotiation" means discussions to determine the terms and conditions of a  
contract or procurement ;


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Nigeria Law;  
"Negotiation" means discussions to determine the terms and conditions of a  
contract or procurement ;  
"Open Competitive Bidding" means the offer of prices by individuals or firms  
competing for a contract, privilege or right to supply specified goods, works,  
construction or services ;  
"Procurement" means acquisition  
"Procurement proceedings" means the initiation of the process of effecting a  
procurement up to award of a procurement contract ;  
        “Procuring entity" means any public body engaged in procurement and includes  
a Ministry, Extra-Ministerial office, government agency, parastatal and corporation;  
"Public Procurement" means the acquisition by any means of goods, works or services  
by the government ;


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"Public Procurement" means the acquisition by any means of goods, works or services  
by the government ;  
"Relevant authority" includes Economic and Financial Crimes Commission and  
 Independent Corrupt Practices Commission ;  
"Services" means the rendering by a contractor or supplier of his time and effort  
and includes any object of procurement other than goods, works or construction ;  
"Solicitation Documents" means the bid solicitation documents or any other  
documents for solicitation of offers proposals or quotations ;  
"Special Purpose Goods" means any objects of armaments ammunition  
mechanical electrical equipment or other thing as may be determined by the President  
needed by the Armed Forces or Police Force as well as the services incidental to the


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needed by the Armed Forces or Police Force as well as the services incidental to the  
supply of the objects ;  
"Substantially Responsive" means the response to bid solicitations which  
virtually answers to all the needs of a procuring entity as stipulated in the bid  
solicitation documents;  
"Supplier" means a real or legal person that provides supply of goods, contracting  
of works or consultants;  
"Threshold:' refers only to the approving and not the actual process of ward ;


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2007 No. 14   Public Procurement Act  
 
 
  
“Validity Period"  means the period during which a bidder agrees not to increase  
the cost of its bid or to remove any components of the bid ;  
"Works" means all works associated with the construction, reconstruction,  
demolition, repair or renovation of a building, structure or works, such as site  
preparation, excavation, erection, building, installation of equipment or materials,  
decoration and finishing, as well as services incidental to construction such as  
drilling, mapping, satellite photography, seismic investigation and similar services  
provided pursuant to the procurement of contract, where the value of those services  
does not exceed that of the construction itself.


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does not exceed that of the construction itself.   
61 . This Act may be cited as the Public Procurement Act, 2007.  
I Certify, in accordance with Section 2 (1) of the Acts Authentication Act, Cap.  
4. Laws of the federation of Nigeria 1990, that this is a true copy of the Bill passed by  
both Houses of the National Assembly.  
        NASIRU IBRAHIM ARAB,  
Clerk to the National Assembly  
     1st Day of June. 
2007.  
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM  
This Act establishes the National Council on Public Procurement and the Bureau  
of Public Procurement as the regulatory authorities responsible for the monitoring  
and oversight of public procurement, harmonizing the existing government policies  
and practices by regulating, setting standards and developing the legal framework


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and practices by regulating, setting standards and developing the legal framework  
and professional capacity for Public Procurement in Nigeria.


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1 
2. Market Research & Analysis 
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) & Service Levels (SLAs) 
Version 1.0 | Dated 03 February 2026 
 
Purpose 
• Define how MDAs gather and document market intelligence to improve specifications, cost estimates, 
procurement strategies, and competitive analysis. 
• Reduce procurement risk (single sourcing, unrealistic pricing, weak delivery performance) through 
evidence-based market analysis. 
Scope 
• Applies to all procurements at the planning stage and before solicitation. 
• Includes: market mapping, supplier outreach in a fair manner, price discovery, risk screening, and 
procurement strategy recommendations. 
Roles & Responsibilities (minimum) 
• Procurement Unit: leads market research; ensures equal access to information and prevents


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• Procurement Unit: leads market research; ensures equal access to information and prevents 
preferential treatment (PPA 2007 s.16; UNCITRAL fairness/competition). 
• User Department/Technical Team: defines technical requirements and performance outcomes; 
validates feasibility. 
• PPC: reviews cost implication analysis and affordability (PPA 2007 s.18(c)). 
• Legal Unit: checks compliance, conflicts of interest, and that engagements do not constitute pre-award 
commitments (good practice). 
• BPP: may set standard bidding documents and guidance; may review high-value procurements (PPA 
2007 s.5-6; Regs 2007 on use of SBDs). 
Procedure (What to do, when, why, and how) 
1. Define the market research question(s): availability, typical specifications, delivery timelines, cost drivers,


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1. Define the market research question(s): availability, typical specifications, delivery timelines, cost drivers, 
and key risks (best practice; aligns with value-for-money). 
2. Select appropriate methods: desk research, catalogues, historical spend, structured Request for 
Information (RFI), and non-binding supplier engagement sessions (World Bank PPSD approach). 
3. Apply integrity safeguards: publish/record all supplier engagement notices; do not share unequal 
information; keep minutes; require conflict-of-interest declarations (PPA 2007 s.57; OECD integrity). 
4. Map the supply market: identify potential suppliers/contractors/consultants, including SMEs and 
domestic providers where eligible (PPA 2007 domestic preference provisions; avoid discriminatory criteria).


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domestic providers where eligible (PPA 2007 domestic preference provisions; avoid discriminatory criteria). 
5. Conduct price discovery: gather indicative prices (at least 3 independent sources where possible) and 
document assumptions; treat quotes as non-binding (good practice). 
6. Assess market capacity and delivery risk: lead times, logistics, warranties, after-sales support, past 
performance signals, and concentration risk (World Bank contract management & supplier performance 
concepts). 
7. Derive procurement strategy inputs: packaging/lotting, qualification criteria, evaluation approach (lowest 
evaluated responsive bid for goods/works) (PPA 2007 s.24(3)).


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2 
8. Update specification/TOR to be objective and functional; avoid brand names unless justified; document 
any proprietary constraints (UNCITRAL Model Law 2011 guidance on objective specifications). 
9. Update cost estimate and budget implication analysis for PPC review (PPA 2007 s.18(c)). 
10. Store market research report in the procurement file and link to the procurement plan entry (PPA 2007 
s.38 record keeping). 
Required Records / Evidence 
• Market Research Plan (questions, methods, timeline). 
• Supplier engagement logs (notices, attendance, minutes, Q&A). 
• Price benchmarking worksheet and sources. 
• Market risk assessment (capacity, concentration, logistics, FX exposure where relevant). 
• Revised specification/TOR and rationale for major changes.


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• Revised specification/TOR and rationale for major changes. 
Key Controls (Integrity, Value-for-Money, Compliance) 
• No pre-commitment: market research must not result in promises of award or preferential access (best 
practice). 
• Equal treatment: all materially relevant clarifications from engagement are documented and made 
available for the solicitation stage as needed (UNCITRAL transparency principle). 
• Integrity screening: check BPP debarment/blacklist lists where available; log results (Regs 2007 on BPP 
debarment powers; PPA 2007 offences & sanctions). 
• Record audit trail linking market research to estimate to solicitation documents. 
Service Levels (SLAs) & Statutory Timelines 
Process point SLA / timeline Source Notes / evidence 
Market research completed


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Process point SLA / timeline Source Notes / evidence 
Market research completed 
before solicitation approval 
Before IFB/RFP is 
finalized 
Best practice (WB 
PPSD; OECD) 
Attach report to file 
Record retention ≥10 years after 
contract signature 
Goods & Works 
Regs 2007 para 
16 
Applies to research artefacts 
in file 
If prequalification is used: 
clarification window 
Request ≥10 days 
before deadline; 
response ≤7 working 
days 
PPA 2007 s.23(4)-
(5) 
Plan market engagement 
timelines accordingly 
Minimum Compliance Data Points for an Exceptions-Reporting Platform 
• Market research report uploaded (yes/no) + date completed. 
• Count of suppliers identified; evidence of at least 3 price sources (where feasible). 
• Integrity screening results (debarment/blacklist checked) + date.


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• Integrity screening results (debarment/blacklist checked) + date. 
• Specification objectivity check (brand-neutral, functional) flag. 
• Updated cost estimate and variance vs initial estimate. 
References (in-line citations appear in brackets) 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement Act, 2007 (PPA 2007). 
• Nigeria: Public Procurement (Goods and Works) Regulations, 2007. 
• UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Procurement (2011) and Guide to Enactment. 
• World Bank Procurement Regulations for IPF Borrowers (7th ed., Sep 2025) and associated guidance on 
PPSD and Contract Management.


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1 
3. Solicitation: Tender Preparation & Publication 
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) & Service Levels (SLAs) 
Version 1.0 | Dated 03 February 2026 
 
Purpose 
• Standardise how MDAs prepare and publish Invitations for Bids (IFB) / Requests for Proposals (RFP) to 
ensure competition, transparency and legal compliance. 
• Ensure solicitations contain complete, objective and enforceable requirements and evaluation criteria. 
Scope 
• Applies from finalization of solicitation documents through publication of the opportunity and issuance 
of bid/RFP documents. 
• Covers goods/works open competitive bidding and consultant services (EOI/RFP). 
Roles & Responsibilities (minimum) 
• Procurement Unit: drafts solicitation package using BPP Standard Bidding Documents with minimum


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• Procurement Unit: drafts solicitation package using BPP Standard Bidding Documents with minimum 
necessary changes (Goods & Works Regs 2007 on use of SBDs); coordinates publication. 
• User Department/Technical Team: validates technical specifications, deliverables, and acceptance 
criteria. 
• Legal Unit: reviews contract conditions, dispute clauses, and integrity provisions (best practice; aligns 
with PPA 2007 code of conduct). 
• Tenders Board: approves solicitation package and publication (PPA 2007 s.22; s.19). 
• BPP: for procurements under prior review thresholds, reviews draft bidding documents and later issues 
Certificate of No Objection to award (PPA 2007 s.19(h)). 
Procedure (What to do, when, why, and how)


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Certificate of No Objection to award (PPA 2007 s.19(h)). 
Procedure (What to do, when, why, and how) 
1. Confirm procurement method and thresholds (NCB/ICB; open competitive bidding as default for 
goods/works) (PPA 2007 s.24; s.25(1)). 
2. Prepare solicitation documents using the relevant BPP SBD/RFP templates; include: scope/specs, 
instructions, eligibility/qualification, evaluation criteria, contract conditions, and bid security requirements 
where applicable (PPA 2007 s.26; Regs 2007 on advertising content). 
3. Ensure specifications are objective/functional and non-discriminatory; justify any restrictive requirement 
(UNCITRAL Model Law 2011; PPA 2007 s.16 principles). 
4. Set the bid submission deadline with statutory minimum advertising lead-time: not less than six (6)


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4. Set the bid submission deadline with statutory minimum advertising lead-time: not less than six (6) 
weeks from advert to deadline for goods/works under both NCB and ICB (PPA 2007 s.25(2)(i)-(ii); Goods & 
Works Regs 2007 reg.49-52). 
5. For consultant services RFPs: allow at least 30 days between issuing notice/request and proposal 
deadline (PPA 2007 s.48(1)). 
6. Publish the invitation as required: at least two national newspapers and the Procurement Journal; plus 
MDA and BPP websites; and for ICB, one relevant internationally recognised publication (PPA 2007 
s.25(2)(i)-(ii); Goods & Works Regs 2007 reg.50-52). 
7. Issue bid/RFP documents consistently to all requesters; charge only printing/provision cost where fees


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7. Issue bid/RFP documents consistently to all requesters; charge only printing/provision cost where fees 
apply (PPA 2007 s.23(2) by analogy for prequalification documents; good practice for bidding documents).


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2 
8. Manage clarifications: receive questions in writing; respond in writing and circulate to all bidders where 
relevant without naming the source (PPA 2007 s.23(6) principle; bid clarifications permitted under PPA 
2007 s.31(2)). 
9. Maintain a public log of addenda and ensure addenda are issued with sufficient time and are binding 
(consultant RFP addenda provisions: PPA 2007 s.47). 
10. Lock the solicitation package (version control) and upload required artefacts to the procurement file 
(PPA 2007 s.38). 
Required Records / Evidence 
• Approved solicitation package (IFB/RFP) with version number. 
• Publication evidence: newspaper pages, Procurement Journal posting, website screenshots, dates. 
• Bid/RFP issuance register (who collected, when).


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• Bid/RFP issuance register (who collected, when). 
• Clarification Q&A log and addenda register. 
• Approvals (Tenders Board minutes; BPP no-objection where applicable). 
Key Controls (Integrity, Value-for-Money, Compliance) 
• Checklist-based completeness review (scope, criteria, forms, contract, securities). 
• No discriminatory specifications; justification required for any brand/single-source constraint 
(UNCITRAL). 
• Publication control: verify all mandated channels used; verify 6-week minimum lead-time (PPA 2007 
s.25(2)). 
• Addenda control: ensure addenda issued to all bidders and deadlines adjusted when needed (PPA 2007 
s.47 for services; good practice for bids). 
Service Levels (SLAs) & Statutory Timelines 
Process point SLA / timeline Source Notes / evidence


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Service Levels (SLAs) & Statutory Timelines 
Process point SLA / timeline Source Notes / evidence 
Goods/Works: minimum 
advert-to-deadline gap 
≥6 weeks PPA 2007 s.25(2); 
Regs 2007 reg.49 
Record advert date and 
deadline 
NCB advertisement channels 2 national newspapers 
+ Procurement 
Journal + MDA 
website + BPP website 
+ notice board 
PPA 2007 
s.25(2)(ii); Regs 
2007 reg.50 
Archive proof of publication 
ICB advertisement channels 2 national newspapers 
+ Procurement 
Journal + MDA & BPP 
websites + 1 relevant 
international 
publication 
PPA 2007 
s.25(2)(i); Regs 
2007 reg.52 
Archive proof of publication 
Consulting services: minimum 
notice-to-deadline gap 
≥30 days PPA 2007 s.48(1) Record issue date and 
deadline


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Consulting services: minimum 
notice-to-deadline gap 
≥30 days PPA 2007 s.48(1) Record issue date and 
deadline 
Minimum Compliance Data Points for an Exceptions-Reporting Platform 
• Procurement method, threshold class (NCB/ICB/Services), and prior-review flag. 
• Advert date(s), channels used, and deadline date (auto-check 6-week rule for goods/works). 
• Bid/RFP document version hash and addenda log. 
• Clarification questions count + response dates. 
• Evidence uploads (PDF scans/screenshots) for each publication channel.


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periodically. 
• All SLAs assume **complete and correct submissions**. The ‘clock’ pauses when BPP issues 
a request for clarification/additional information and resumes upon receipt. 
• Each SLA is designed to be **configurable parameters** in an Exceptions Reporting / 
Oversight Platform (e.g., target days, escalation thresholds, exception codes). 
Regulatory model adopted 
• **Standard Setting**: issuing templates, checklists, and guidelines; clarifying interpretation; 
building capacity. 
• **Compliance Information Gathering**: collecting procurement plans/records; validating 
disclosures; conducting audits/inspections; maintaining databases. 
• **Behaviour Modification**: feedback loops, corrective actions, sanctions referrals, 
transparency incentives, and performance benchmarking.


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transparency incentives, and performance benchmarking. 
Definitions (operational) 
• **Complete submission**: package includes required documents, signatures, approvals, 
and data fields for the relevant request type; otherwise treated as ‘incomplete’. 
• **Prior review / ‘No Objection’**: BPP review/certification where procurement values 
exceed applicable thresholds, or where otherwise required by extant policy/threshold 
guidance. [PPA 2007 s.16(1)(a)-(d); thresholds circular] 
• **Administrative review (bidder complaint)**: bidder complaint escalation to BPP after 
accounting officer decision; BPP must decide within a legal timeline. [PPA 2007 s.54(6)] 
• **Disclosure validation**: verification/approval of procurement information prior to


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• **Disclosure validation**: verification/approval of procurement information prior to 
publication on NOCOPO. [BPP Open Contracting Disclosure Guideline, s.6(c)–7] 
• **Working day**: official working day (excluding public holidays/weekends), consistent 
with common practice in BPP standard bidding documents. 
Core regulatory service catalogue 
Service family Typical request types 
(examples) 
Primary outputs 
Guidance & standard setting Standard bidding documents, 
standard forms, 
interpretation notes, 
Guideline/SBD issuance; 
advisory response; published 
FAQ/clarification


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SLA architecture for configuration in an Oversight Platform 
Common SLA parameters (to configure) 
• SLA_START_EVENT: e.g., ‘Complete submission received’ (timestamped). 
• SLA_STOP_EVENT: e.g., ‘Decision issued’ / ‘Certificate issued’ / ‘Complaint decision issued’. 
• CLOCK_PAUSE_EVENTS: ‘Clarification requested’, ‘Awaiting MDA response’, ‘Awaiting 
external expert review’, ‘Awaiting legal review’. 
• SLA_TARGET_DAYS: integer (working days) per request type and complexity band. 
• ESCALATION_1_AT: % of SLA consumed (e.g., 70%) to notify team lead. 
• ESCALATION_2_AT: % (e.g., 90%) to notify director/management dashboard. 
• EXCEPTION_CODES: completeness defects, scope creep, missing approvals, suspected fraud, 
litigation hold, etc.


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5 
Need Identification 
Regulatory intent (BPP role) 
• Standard setting: define minimum documentation, templates, and quality gates for this 
stage. 
• Compliance information gathering: define what data/documents must be reported to 
BPP/NOCOPO and when. 
• Behaviour modification: define how BPP uses exceptions, audits, and transparency to 
improve compliance and deter abuse. 
Regulatory services and decision points 
• Issue guidance on whatever **needs justification** and linkage to 
appropriation/procurement plan. [PPA 2007 s.16(1)(b)] 
• Define ‘red flags’ for demand inflation/splitting and prescribe exception indicators. 
• Provide advisory opinions on whether proposed procurement is within scope and compliant 
(non-binding unless escalated to enforcement).


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(non-binding unless escalated to enforcement). 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
1. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
2. Perform a **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
a deficiency notice and pause the SLA clock. 
3. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
4. Conduct a substantive review using standardised checklists and decision rules, document 
findings and evidence. 
5. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
the SLA clock. 
6. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance


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the SLA clock. 
6. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
7. Quality assurance (peer review / supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorization. 
8. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
MDA 
1 working day 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
(no explicit 
statutory


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• Define exceptions triggers: unjustified sole source, unexplained price variance, weak 
competition signals. 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
9. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
10. Perform a **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
a deficiency notice and pause the SLA clock. 
11. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
12. Conduct a substantive review using standardised checklists and decision rules, document 
findings and evidence. 
13. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
the SLA clock.


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13. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
the SLA clock. 
14. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
15. Quality assurance (peer review/supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorisation. 
16. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
1 working day 
(configurable 
Internal target


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of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
1 working day 
(configurable 
Internal target 
(no explicit


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9 
Solicitation: Tender Preparation & Publication 
Regulatory intent (BPP role) 
• Standard setting: define minimum documentation, templates, and quality gates for this 
stage. 
• Compliance information gathering: define what data/documents must be reported to 
BPP/NOCOPO and when. 
• Behaviour modification: define how BPP uses exceptions, audits, and transparency to 
improve compliance and deter abuse. 
Regulatory services and decision points 
• Publish and maintain BPP standard bidding documents (SBDs) and templates; provide 
interpretation notes. 
• Define minimum advertising/publication standards and evidence required in the file (e.g., 
adverts, media proofs). 
• Ensure disclosure timelines for tender-stage information are met via NOCOPO and validate


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adverts, media proofs). 
• Ensure disclosure timelines for tender-stage information are met via NOCOPO and validate 
them before publication. [BPP Open Contracting Disclosure Guideline 2019] 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
17. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
18. Perform a **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
a deficiency notice and pause the SLA clock. 
19. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
20. Conduct a substantive review using standardised checklists and decision rules, document 
findings and evidence.


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20. Conduct a substantive review using standardised checklists and decision rules, document 
findings and evidence. 
21. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
the SLA clock. 
22. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
23. Quality assurance (peer review/supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorisation. 
24. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement


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Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
1 working 
day 
Internal target (no 
explicit statutory


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applicable. [PPA 2007 s.19(b)] 
• Trigger targeted reviews/audits where evaluation anomalies appear (e.g., high 
disqualification rates, identical bids). 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
25. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
26. Perform a **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
a deficiency notice and pause the SLA clock. 
27. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
28. Conduct a substantive review using standardised checklists and decision rules, document 
findings and evidence. 
29. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
the SLA clock.


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29. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
the SLA clock. 
30. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
31. Quality assurance (peer review/supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorisation. 
32. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
1 working day 
(configurable 
Internal target


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13 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
MDA internal target) statutory time) 
Completeness 
screening 
Any stage 
request 
Complete/Incomplete 
status + deficiency list 
2 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Advisory response 
/ interpretation 
note 
Need 
identification / 
market 
research / 
solicitation 
queries 
Written advisory 
response (non-
binding unless 
escalated) 
5 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’ 
substantive 
review (Band A) 
Standard, low 
complexity 
submissions 
above 
threshold 
Decision memo + 
clearance for 
certificate issuance 
10 working 
days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target; 
PPA requires 
certificate but 
not timeline


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10 working 
days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target; 
PPA requires 
certificate but 
not timeline 
for issuance 
[PPA 2007 
s.16] 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’ 
substantive 
review (Band B) 
Medium 
complexity 
submissions 
above 
threshold 
Decision memo + 
clearance for 
certificate issuance 
15 working 
days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’ 
substantive 
review (Band C) 
High 
complexity 
submissions 
above 
threshold 
Decision memo + 
clearance for 
certificate issuance 
20 working 
days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Enhanced 
integrity review 
(Band D) 
High-risk/red-
flag cases 
Decision + 
enforcement/audit 
trigger where 
warranted 
25 working 
days 
(configurable 
internal target)


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flag cases 
Decision + 
enforcement/audit 
trigger where 
warranted 
25 working 
days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target; 
may require 
pauses for 
investigations 
Certificate 
issuance after 
clearance 
Where 
decision is to 
issue 
certificate 
Certificate of ‘No 
Objection’ / 
compliance 
certificate issued 
2 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Administrative 
review decision 
(bidder complaint) 
Complaint 
escalated to 
BPP after 
accounting 
officer decision 
Written decision + 
remedies (if any) 
21 working 
days (LEGAL 
requirement) 
Public 
Procurement 
Act, s.54(6) 
[PPA 2007] 
Platform configuration – data fields and exception signals 
• Mandatory metadata: MDA, project title, procurement category, method, estimated value,


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• Mandatory metadata: MDA, project title, procurement category, method, estimated value, 
threshold band, complexity band, risk flags, submission completeness score.


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14 
• Stage-specific documents received (yes/no) + versioning; reviewer assignment; decision-
maker; timestamps for each workflow step. 
• Exception signals (examples): scope/need mismatch to appropriation; unusual price 
variance; weak competition; repeated cancellations; high variation orders; delayed 
disclosures; complaint volume. 
• Auto-generated outputs: SLA countdown; escalation alerts; dashboards (per MDA, per 
method, per reviewer, per risk flag).


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[Thresholds Circular 2022] 
• Publish award-stage disclosures and validate for NOCOPO publication. [BPP Open 
Contracting Disclosure Guideline 2019] 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
33. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
34. Perform a **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
a deficiency notice and pause the SLA clock. 
35. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
36. Conduct a substantive review using standardised checklists and decision rules, document 
findings and evidence. 
37. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
the SLA clock.


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37. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
the SLA clock. 
38. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
39. Quality assurance (peer review/supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorisation. 
40. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
1 working 
day 
Internal target (no 
explicit statutory


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16 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
MDA (configurabl
e internal 
target) 
time) 
Completeness 
screening 
Any stage 
request 
Complete/Incomplet
e status + deficiency 
list 
2 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Advisory response 
/ interpretation 
note 
Need 
identificatio
n / market 
research / 
solicitation 
queries 
Written advisory 
response (non-
binding unless 
escalated) 
5 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Prior-review / ‘No 
Objection’ 
substantive review 
(Band A) 
Standard, 
low 
complexity 
submissions 
above 
threshold 
Decision memo + 
clearance for 
certificate issuance 
10 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target; 
PPA requires 
certificate but not


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17 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
entity should leave at 
least 7 full working 
days for BPP 
validation/approva
l [Guideline s.6(c)] 
Platform configuration – data fields and exception signals 
• Mandatory metadata: MDA, project title, procurement category, method, estimated value, 
threshold band, complexity band, risk flags, submission completeness score. 
• Stage-specific documents received (yes/no) + versioning; reviewer assignment; decision-
maker; timestamps for each workflow step. 
• Exception signals (examples): scope/need mismatch to appropriation; unusual price 
variance; weak competition; repeated cancellations; high variation orders; delayed 
disclosures; complaint volume.


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18 
Contract Management 
Regulatory intent (BPP role) 
• Standard setting: define minimum documentation, templates, and quality gates for this 
stage. 
• Compliance information gathering: define what data/documents must be reported to 
BPP/NOCOPO and when. 
• Behaviour modification: define how BPP uses exceptions, audits, and transparency to 
improve compliance and deter abuse. 
Regulatory services and decision points 
• Set minimum contract administration standards (change control, variation approvals, 
performance securities monitoring). 
• Define exception events that require notification to BPP (major variations, extensions, 
terminations, integrity incidents). 
• Enable post-review/audit focus in line with threshold guidance, emphasising increased


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• Enable post-review/audit focus in line with threshold guidance, emphasising increased 
monitoring/post-review. [Thresholds Circular 2022] 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
41. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
42. Perform a **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
a deficiency notice and pause the SLA clock. 
43. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
44. Conduct substantive review using standardised checklists and decision rules; document 
findings and evidence. 
45. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
the SLA clock.


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45. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
the SLA clock. 
46. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
47. Quality assurance (peer review/supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorisation. 
48. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
1 working 
day 
Internal target (no 
explicit statutory


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19 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
MDA (configurabl
e internal 
target) 
time) 
Completeness 
screening 
Any stage 
request 
Complete/Incomplet
e status + deficiency 
list 
2 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Advisory response 
/ interpretation 
note 
Need 
identificatio
n / market 
research / 
solicitation 
queries 
Written advisory 
response (non-
binding unless 
escalated) 
5 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
NOCOPO 
disclosure 
validation/approva
l 
Disclosure 
items 
uploaded by 
procuring 
entity 
Approve for 
publication / return 
for correction 
7 working 
days (extant 
guideline 
expectation) 
BPP Open 
Contracting 
Disclosure 
Guideline: MDAs 
should leave at


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7 working 
days (extant 
guideline 
expectation) 
BPP Open 
Contracting 
Disclosure 
Guideline: MDAs 
should leave at 
least 7 full working 
days for BPP 
validation/approva
l [Guideline s.6(c)] 
Platform configuration – data fields and exception signals 
• Mandatory metadata: MDA, project title, procurement category, method, estimated value, 
threshold band, complexity band, risk flags, submission completeness score. 
• Stage-specific documents received (yes/no) + versioning; reviewer assignment; decision-
maker; timestamps for each workflow step. 
• Exception signals (examples): scope/need mismatch to appropriation; unusual price 
variance; weak competition; repeated cancellations; high variation orders; delayed 
disclosures; complaint volume.


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• Define reporting cadence for implementation and payments disclosure (e.g., quarterly in 
disclosure guidelines). [BPP Open Contracting Disclosure Guideline 2019] 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
49. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
50. Perform a **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
a deficiency notice and pause the SLA clock. 
51. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
52. Conduct substantive review using standardized checklists and decision rules; document 
findings and evidence. 
53. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
SLA clock.


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21 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
MDA (configurabl
e internal 
target) 
time) 
Completeness 
screening 
Any stage 
request 
Complete/Incomplet
e status + deficiency 
list 
2 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
Advisory response 
/ interpretation 
note 
Need 
identificatio
n / market 
research / 
solicitation 
queries 
Written advisory 
response (non-
binding unless 
escalated) 
5 working 
days 
(configurabl
e internal 
target) 
Internal target 
NOCOPO 
disclosure 
validation/approva
l 
Disclosure 
items 
uploaded by 
procuring 
entity 
Approve for 
publication / return 
for correction 
7 working 
days (extant 
guideline 
expectation) 
BPP Open 
Contracting 
Disclosure 
Guideline: MDAs 
should leave at


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• Use audits and enforcement pathways for disposal irregularities. 
Internal SOP (BPP) – process steps 
57. Receive request/notification (platform ticket or official correspondence) and auto-generate 
case ID. 
58. Perform a **completeness check** against the stage-specific checklist; if incomplete, issue 
a deficiency notice and pause the SLA clock. 
59. Assign reviewer(s) based on complexity band and risk flags; route to specialist/legal review 
where required. 
60. Conduct a substantive review using standardised checklists and decision rules, document 
findings and evidence. 
61. If clarification is required, issue a single consolidated query (to reduce ping-pong) and pause 
the SLA clock. 
62. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance


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the SLA clock. 
62. Prepare decision memo/output (advisory response, validation approval, compliance 
direction, certificate decision, or audit trigger). 
63. Quality assurance (peer review/supervisor sign-off) for Band B–D or where monetary 
thresholds require higher authorisation. 
64. Issue decision formally; update the platform record; publish/validate disclosures where 
applicable; log exceptions and lessons learned. 
Configurable SLAs and turnaround standards (BPP internal) 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
Acknowledgement 
of receipt 
Any stage 
request 
Ticket created + 
acknowledgement to 
MDA 
1 working day 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
(no explicit 
statutory


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23 
Service Applies to Output Target 
turnaround 
time 
Basis / source 
time) 
Completeness 
screening 
Any stage 
request 
Complete/Incomplete 
status + deficiency list 
2 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Advisory response 
/ interpretation 
note 
Need 
identification / 
market 
research / 
solicitation 
queries 
Written advisory 
response (non-
binding unless 
escalated) 
5 working days 
(configurable 
internal target) 
Internal target 
Platform configuration – data fields and exception signals 
• Mandatory metadata: MDA, project title, procurement category, method, estimated value, 
threshold band, complexity band, risk flags, submission completeness score. 
• Stage-specific documents received (yes/no) + versioning; reviewer assignment; decision-


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24 
Cross-cutting governance of SLAs 
Clock rules (recommended) 
• SLA starts only when the submission is complete and acknowledged as complete. 
• One consolidated clarification request is preferred; multiple sequential queries should be 
treated as an internal process defect unless justified. 
• Where external reviews are required (e.g., technical expert opinion), the case is tagged 
‘external dependency’, and the pause reason is recorded. 
• All SLA breaches must generate an automated ‘exception report’ with root cause categories 
(capacity, incomplete submission, policy ambiguity, integrity risk, external dependency). 
Review and continuous improvement 
• Quarterly SLA performance review: by service type, by MDA, by complexity band, by 
reviewer/team.


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• Quarterly SLA performance review: by service type, by MDA, by complexity band, by 
reviewer/team. 
• Annual review of SLA targets and checklists to reflect policy changes, capacity changes, and 
risk trends. 
• Publish a subset of performance metrics (where appropriate) to strengthen behaviour 
modification via transparency (aligned with open contracting objectives). [BPP Open 
Contracting Disclosure Guideline 2019] 
Reference key (sources used for in-line references) 
• PPA 2007 = Public Procurement Act, 2007 (Nigeria), especially s.6, s.16, and s.54. Source: 
PLAC Laws of Nigeria PDF.  
• Thresholds Circular 2022: OSGF Circular approving revisions to prior review & monetary 
thresholds (19 Jan 2022). Includes BPP prior review thresholds.


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thresholds (19 Jan 2022). Includes BPP prior review thresholds.  
• BPP Open Contracting Disclosure Guideline 2019 = Open Contracting Disclosure Guideline 
(BPP). Includes disclosure timelines and requirements for MDAs to leave at least 7 working 
days for BPP validation/approval.  
• NOCOPO portal = Nigeria Open Contracting Portal.


